Difference between revisions of "User:Ted"

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-- 2017-07-21 &#x0936;&#x0941;&#x0915;&#x094d;&#x0930;&#x0935;&#x093e;&#x0930; --<br />
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-- 2017-07-21 [[Days_of_the_week|&#x0936;&#x0941;&#x0915;&#x094d;&#x0930;&#x0935;&#x093e;&#x0930;]] --<br />
−
Ted's page on [https://neelanurseries.com Neela Nurseries] Wiki<br />
+
User Ted's wiki page at [https://neelanurseries.com Neela Nurseries]<br />
 +
[[musica|musica, संगीत]]
 
</center>
 
</center>
  
  
−
== [[#top|^]] OVERVIEW ==
 
  
−
<p>This wiki document a starting point of Ted's notes on Linux use and configuration, Open Source Software and web development.  Recent summer 2017 efforts of Ted's are focused on several high-level programming language and web development frameworks, which can be studied and used separately but are often glued together to achieve meaningful tasks and end-user tools and interfaces.  This personal page of Ted's notes on Neela Nurseries wiki not yet well organized, but here as a quick stash point for holding useful references, and a starting point for more complete and formal documentation.</p>
+
== OVERVIEW ==
  
−
- 2017-10-05 - Ted noting here that would be good to have a [[technical_glossary|technical glossary]] to make easily accessible all the technical terms which arise in daily work and exploration of technologies . . .
+
<p>This wiki document a starting point of Ted's notes on Linux use and configuration, Open Source Software and web development.
 +
</p>
 +
<p>This local notes page on Neela Nurseries wiki not yet well organized, but here as a quick stash point for holding useful references and a starting point for more complete and formal documentation.</p>
  
 +
[[Musica|Music notes here]] &nbsp;:::&nbsp; [[Microcontrollers#nn_keywords_template|NN keywords template]] &nbsp;:::&nbsp; [[RTOS#anchor_devzone_forum_posts|Nordic Devzone posts]] &nbsp;:::&nbsp; [https://community.jaredwolff.com/ CircuitDojo Forum] &nbsp;:::&nbsp; [[#to_untangle_c_declarations|Untangling complex C declarations]]
  
 +
{|
 +
|-
 +
|Keywords:  <code>Untangling</code> <code>Detangling</code> <code>[[#untangling_complex_c_delcarations|Untangling C Declarations]]</code> <code>[[Devzone_posts|Nordic Devzone]]</code> <code>[[Firmware_goals|firmware goals]]</code>
 +
|}
  
 
<!-- comment -->
 
<!-- comment -->
  
−
<!-- SECTION - -->
+
<span id="quick_links_user_ted"></span><span id="nn_anchor_technical_links"></span>
 +
 
 +
== [[#top|^]] Technology and Tools ==
 +
 
 +
Quick links to local notes and references: <!--, also available but not consistently synchronized with [[quick_links|stand alone page]] on this wiki: -->
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
 
 +
|- <!-- TABLE ROW : topic group ids -->
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; width: 20%;" | 1
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; width: 20%;" | 2
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; width: 20%;" | 3
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; width: 20%;" | 4
 +
 
 +
|- <!-- TABLE ROW : topic group names -->
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; width: 20%;" | Technical groups
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; width: 20%;" | Hardware references
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; width: 20%;" | Operating systems
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; width: 20%;" | Tools and Toolchains
 +
 
 +
<!-- Note on CSS, 'style' tag supports 'width' property:  style="width: 250px;" -->
 +
|- <!-- TABLE ROW : topic groups -->
 +
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
 +
 
 +
<ul><!-- TOPIC GROUP NAME "Technical groups" -->
 +
 
 +
<li> [https://tldp.org/ The Linux Documentation Project]
 +
<li> [https://www.kernel.org/ Linux kernel dot org]
 +
<li> [https://hackaday.io/ Hackaday]
 +
<li> [https://circuitcellar.com/ Circuit Cellar]
 +
<li> [https://devzone.nordicsemi.com|Nordic Devzone]
 +
<li> [[Oresat-notes|Oresat notes]]
 +
 
 +
<li> <i>Embedded Muse . . . need URL</i>
 +
<li> [https://www.synopsys.com/designware-ip/technical-bulletin/true-random-number-generator-security-2019q3.html true RNG]
 +
<li> [[nordic_devzone_posts|Devzone posts and others]]
 +
 
 +
</ul>
 +
 
 +
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
 +
 
 +
<ul><!-- TOPIC GROUP NAME "Hardware references" -->
 +
 
 +
<li>  [[radio|radio]]
 +
<li>  [[basic_components|basic components]]
 +
<li>  [[integrated_circuits|integrated circuits]]
 +
<li>  [[amplifiers|amplifiers]]
 +
<li>  [[cell modules|modules_celulares]]
 +
<li>  [[Microcontrollers|Microcontrollers]]
 +
<li>  [[dev_boards|dev boards]]
 +
<li>  [[Arduino notes|arduino-notes]]
 +
<li>  [[Raspberry_pi|Raspberry Pi notes]]
 +
<li>  [[memory_devices|memory devices]]
 +
<li>  [[LoRa|LoRa technology]]
 +
<li>  [[firmware_programmers|firmware programmers]]
 +
<li>  [https://www.baldengineer.com/low-side-vs-high-side-transistor-switch.html Baldengineer dot com]
 +
<li>  [[debuggers|JLink debugger notes]]
 +
<li>  [[multi-core|multi-core RTOS notes]]
  
−
== [[#top|^]] Web Site Building Blocks - Summer 2017 Work ==
+
</ul>
  
−
&nbsp;<br >
+
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
−
The following tools and web and programming frameworks are all part of Ted's volunteer efforts with ASI web site, and in-progress study of how to configure and customize shopping carts, article and document management pages, and easy-to-read easy-to-adjust web page layouts using CSS and third party, open source frameworks:
 
  
 +
<ul><!-- TOPIC GROUP NAME "Operating systems" -->
  
−
<ul>
+
<li>  [[Zephyr|Zephyr]]
−
<li> Linux package selection for constrained systems <br />
+
<li> [[Containers_and_virtual_machines|Containers and VMs]]
−
<!-- 2017-10-10 - Ted again thinking about how to enable in Mediawiki, text blocks or files which are expanded in place, such as glossaries and lists of references . . . -->
+
<li> [[RTOS|RTOS notes]]
−
<li> [[MYSQL-notes|MYSQL data base install and config (set up)]] <br />
+
<li> [[ThreadX_notes|ThreadX notes]]
−
* [[mysql_query_syntax_and_examples|MYSQL query syntax and examples]]
+
<!-- local pages to review:
−
<!-- 2017-10-10 added by Ted: -->
+
<li> [[Zephyr_toolchain|Zephyr toolchain]]
−
*  [https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration.html MYSQL show variables, show status]
+
<li> [[RTOS#.5E_Zephyr_RTOS|Zephyr, west (RTOS page section)]]
−
*  [https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysql.html MYSQL command-line tool, also called MYSQL shell]
+
<li>  [[RTOS_Zephyr|Zephyr RTOS (new page 8-18)]]
−
*  [https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/mysql-shell.html MYSQL shell user guide]
+
-->
−
*  [https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/string-literals.html string quoting in MYSQL, multiple ways of quoting]
+
<li> [[RTOS_topics_general|general RTOS topics]]
−
*  [https://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=60381 mysqldump of database information_schema requires <code>--skip-lock-tables</code> option]
+
</ul>
−
*  [http://www.comentum.com/mysqldump-cron.html MYSQL database back-ups and cron]
+
 
 +
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
 +
 
 +
<ul><!-- TOPIC GROUP NAME "Tools and toolchains" -->
 +
 
 +
<li> [[Make_and_GCC|arm-none-eabi-gcc, gcc, make]]
 +
<li> [[gdb|gdb]] <font size=1>and general debugging</font>
 +
<li> [[ld|ld linker]]
 +
<li> [[clang|clang]]
 +
<li> [[Openocd-setup|openocd]]
 +
<li> [[pyocd|pyocd]]
 +
<li> [[cmake|cmake notes]]
 +
<li> [[west_zephyr_project_manager|west meta-tool]] <!-- [https://docs.zephyrproject.org/latest/guides/west/index.html west meta-tool] -->
 +
<li> [[west_manifest_files|west manifest files]]
 +
<li> [[segger_nordic_version|Segger Nordic version]]
 +
<li> [[ctags|ctags]] <!-- [[Bazel build tool|bazel_notes]] -->
 +
<li> [[version_control|version control]]
 +
</ul>
 +
 
 +
|} <!-- CLOSE OF WIKI TABLE -->
 +
<!--
 +
==== <i>edit point</i> ====
 +
-->
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
 
 +
|- <!-- TABLE ROW : topic group ids -->
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; width: 20%;" | 5
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; width: 20%;" | 6
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; width: 20%;" | 7
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; width: 20%;" | 8
 +
 
 +
|- <!-- TABLE ROW : topic group names -->
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; width: 20%;" | Documentation
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; width: 20%;" | Programming languages
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; width: 20%;" | Programming languages
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; width: 20%;" | Data Integrity
 +
 
 +
|- <!-- TABLE ROW : topic groups -->
 +
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
 +
 
 +
<ul><!-- TOPIC GROUP NAME "Documentation" -->
 +
<li> [https://www.nasa.gov/seh/appendix-c-how-to-write-a-good-requirement NASA Requirements How-To]
 +
<li> [[Presentation_tools|presentation tools]]
 +
<li> [[doxygen_notes|Doxygen notes]]
 +
<li> [[rst|Restructured Text (rst)]]
 +
</ul>
 +
 
 +
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
 +
 
 +
<ul><!-- TOPIC GROUP NAME "Programming languages" -->
 +
<li> [[assembly_language|assembly]]
 +
<li> [[C_programming_notes|C]]
 +
<li> [[Device_tree|Device Tree and dts]]
 +
<li> [[Kconfig|Kconfig]]
 +
<li> [[shell|shell]]
 +
</ul>
 +
 
 +
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
 +
 
 +
<ul><!-- TOPIC GROUP NAME "Programming languages" -->
 +
<li> [https://ada-lang.io/ Ada]
 +
<li> [https://www.rust-lang.org/ Rust]
 +
<li> [https://inko-lang.org/ Inko]
 +
<li> [[Python_notes|Python notes]]
 +
<li> [[Perl|Perl]]
 +
</ul>
 +
 
 +
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
 +
 
 +
<ul><!-- TOPIC GROUP NAME "Data Integrity" -->
 +
<li> [[data_integrity_methods|data integrity methods]]
 +
<li> [[programming_constructs|programming constructs]]
 +
</ul>
 +
 
 +
|} <!-- CLOSE OF WIKI TABLE -->
 +
 
 +
<!--
 +
==== <i>edit point </i> ====
 +
-->
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
 
 +
|- <!-- TABLE ROW : topic group ids -->
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; width: 20%;" | 9
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; width: 20%;" | 10
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; width: 20%;" | 11
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; width: 20%;" | 12
 +
 
 +
|- <!-- TABLE ROW : topic group names -->
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; width: 20%;" | Technologies
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; width: 20%;" | Local works
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; width: 20%;" | Local works
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; width: 20%;" | Code Libraries
 +
 
 +
|- <!-- TABLE ROW : topic groups -->
 +
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
 +
 
 +
<ul><!-- TOPIC GROUP 9 NAME "Technologies" -->
  
−
*  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-user.html
+
<li> [https://cartesiam-neai-docs.readthedocs-hosted.com/ Cartesiam]
−
*  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/privileges-provided.html
+
<li> [https://cartesiam-neai-docs.readthedocs-hosted.com/studio/studio.html#ii-project-creation Cartesiam AI Studio]
 +
<li> [[cybersecurity|security topics]]
 +
<li> [[wireless_communications|Wireless communications]]
 +
</ul>
  
 +
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
  
−
<li> PHP set up <br />
+
<ul><!-- TOPIC GROUP 10 NAME "Local works" -->
  
−
<li> Apache2 set up <br />
+
<li>[[zephyr_building_blocks|Zephyr building blocks <font size=1>reference</font>]]<br />
 +
^^^ <i>NEEDS ORGANIZATION</i> ^^^
  
−
<li> [[SSL-self-signed-certificate-creation-and-config|SSL Self-signed certificate creation and config]] <br />
+
<li>[[zephyr_device_driver_model|Zephyr device drivers, Jared Wolff<font size=1>study</font>]] <font size="1"><span style="background:#e6ffcc;>&nbsp;</span><span style="background:#ffffcc;>&nbsp;</span><span style="background:#ffe6cc;>&nbsp;</span><span style="background:#ffb3b3;>&nbsp;</span></font><br />
−
<ul>
+
<li>[https://github.com/tedhavelka/kionix-driver-demo Zephyr driver demo]
−
  <li> [https://community.letsencrypt.org/t/lets-encrypt-certificate-in-a-shared-hosting-godaddy-server/17349/15 LetsEncrypt certbot and GoDaddy servers, cat /proc/version . . .]<br />
+
<li>[[nrf_modem_library_notes|nRF modem lib <font size=1>study</font>]]
−
  <li> [https://github.com/Neilpang/acme.sh acme.sh on Github, CA certificate client]<br />
+
<!-- vi /home/cpguest/embedded/ncs/v1.6.1/nrf/lib/nrf_modem_lib/nrf_modem_lib.c -->
−
  <li> [https://github.com/Neilpang/acme.sh/wiki/How-to-install how to install acme.sh<br />
+
<li>[[spi_device_tree_source_code|SPI device tree source code]]
 +
<li> [[Pico-sdk_studies|RPi Pico SDK studies]]
 +
<li> [[Firmware_goals|firmware goals]]
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
  
−
<li> Sub-domain creation under Ubuntu 16.04 LTS and similar Linux releases <br />
+
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
  
−
<li> Mediawiki work . . . <br />
+
<ul><!-- TOPIC GROUP 11 NAME "Local works" -->
−
<ul>
+
 
−
<li> <!--Mediawiki--> Install and config <br />
+
<li>[[nrf_sample_app_aws_iot|sample aws_oit <font size=1>study</font>]]<br />
−
<li> <!--Mediawiki--> [[mediawiki_back_up_and_restore_steps|Back-up and restore steps]] <br />
+
<li>[[zephyr_rtos_threads|Zephyr RTOS threads <font size=1> </font>]]<br />
−
<li> <!--Mediawiki--> [[mediawiki_troubleshooting|Troubleshooting]] <br />
+
<li>[[zephyr_in_tree_driver_use|In-tree driver]]<br />
 +
<li>[[iis2dh|ST Micro IIS2DH]]<br />
 +
<li>[[zephyr_board_porting|Zephyr board porting]]<br />
 +
<li>[[i2c_driver_notes|I2C driver notes]]
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
  
−
<li> OpenCart 2.x install and config, 'Wish List' and 'To Do List' . . . <br />
+
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
−
<ul>
+
 
−
<li> [[opencart_installation_and_configuration|OpenCart installation and config]]
+
<ul><!-- TOPIC GROUP 12 NAME "Code libraries" -->
−
<li> [[opencart_to_do_and_wish_list|OpenCart To-Do and Wish List]] <br />
+
 
 +
<li> [[Nordicsemi-software-development-kit|Nordic nrf-sdk]]
 +
<li> [[Zephyr-sdk-install-and-config|Zephyr SDK installation notes]]
 +
<li> [[CMSIS_notes|CMSIS notes]]
 +
<li> [[curl_notes|libcurl notes]]
 +
<li> [[MCUXpresso_SDK|MCUXpresso SDK]]
 +
<li> [[NXP_HAL|NXP LPC HAL]]
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
 +
 +
|} <!-- CLOSE OF WIKI TABLE -->
 
<!--
 
<!--
−
<li> <br />
+
|-
 +
| scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; max-width: 300px; column-span:4;" |
 +
==== <i>edit point</i> ====
 +
-->
 +
{| class="wikitable"
  
−
<li>  <br />
+
|- <!-- TABLE ROW : topic group ids -->
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; width: 20%;" | 13
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; width: 20%;" | 14
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; width: 20%;" | 15
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; width: 20%;" | 16
 +
 
 +
|-  <!-- TABLE ROW : topic group names -->
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; max-width: 300px;" | Open software projects
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; max-width: 300px;" | Comms protocols
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; max-width: 300px;" | Encodings
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; max-width: 300px;" | Hardware issues
 +
 
 +
|- <!-- TABLE ROW : topic groups -->
 +
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
 +
 
 +
<ul><!-- TOPIC GROUP NAME "open software projects" -->
 +
<li>  [https://github.com/apache/httpd/tree/trunk Apache2 webserver]
 +
<li>  [https://www.mcuboot.com/about/ MCUBoot open governance]
 +
</ul>
 +
 
 +
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
 +
 
 +
<ul><!-- TOPIC GROUP NAME "comms protocols" -->
 +
<li>  [[i2c|I2C]]
 +
<li>  [https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/serial-peripheral-interface-spi/all SPI Sparkfun tutorial]
 +
<li>  [[protocol_SPI|SPI]]
 +
<li>  [https://infocenter.nordicsemi.com/pdf/nrf91_at_commands_v1.2.pdf AT commands]
 +
<li>  [[lte_at_command_notes|LTE AT command notes]]
 +
<li>  [https://www.hivemq.com/blog/mqtt-essentials-part2-publish-subscribe/ MQTT 2/10 intro series]
 +
<li>  [[mqtt_notes|MQTT notes]]
 +
<li>  [[swd|notes serial wire debug SWD]]
 +
<li>  [[bootloading|notes serial bootloading]]
 +
<li>  [[CAN|CAN]]
 +
</ul>
 +
 
 +
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
 +
 
 +
<ul><!-- TOPIC GROUP NAME "encodings" -->
 +
<li>  [[json|JSON notes]] <!-- [https://www.w3schools.com/whatis/whatis_json.asp JSON] -->
 +
<li>  [https://www.tutorialspoint.com/protobuf/index.htm Protobuf]
 +
<li>  [[protobuf_notes|Protobuf notes]]
 +
<li>  [[intel_hex_format|Intel hex format]]
 +
<li>  [[ASCII|ASCII]]
 +
<li>  [[cbor|cbor notes]]
 +
</ul>
 +
 
 +
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
 +
 
 +
<ul><!-- TOPIC GROUP NAME "Hardware" -->
 +
<li> [[hardware_studies_specific|specific hardware studies]]
 +
<li> [[video_games|Classic video games]]
 +
</ul>
 +
 
 +
|} <!-- CLOSE OF WIKI TABLE -->
 +
<!--
 +
|-
 +
| scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; max-width: 300px; column-span:4;" |
 +
==== <i>edit point</i> ====
 
-->
 
-->
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
 +
|- <!-- TABLE ROW : topic group ids -->
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; width: 20%;" | 17
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; width: 20%;" | 18
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; width: 20%;" | 19
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; width: 20%;" | 20
 +
 +
|- <!-- TABLE ROW : topic group names -->
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; max-width: 300px;" | Local stuff
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; max-width: 300px;" | Academic
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; max-width: 300px;" | Cloud based services
 +
! scope="col" style="min-width: 250px; max-width: 300px;" | Interesting projects
 +
 +
|- <!-- TABLE ROW : topic groups -->
 +
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
 +
 +
<ul><!-- TOPIC GROUP NAME "" -->
 +
 +
<li>  [[bulletin-board|NN bulletin board]]
 +
<li>  [[terminology|Terminology pages]]
 +
<li>  [[to-do|TO DO]]
 +
<li>  [[Bash_start_up_script|bookmarker]]
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
  
 +
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
 +
 +
<ul><!-- TOPIC GROUP NAME "" -->
 +
 +
[[ece-reference-materials|ECE reference materials]]
 +
</ul>
 +
 +
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
 +
 +
<ul><!-- TOPIC GROUP NAME "" -->
 +
 +
<li>  [https://hub.docker.com/ Docker Hub site]
 +
<li>  [https://bifravst.github.io/bifravst/docs/aws/GettingStarted.html bifravst]
 +
<li>  [https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/Versioning.html Amazon S3 versioning]
 +
<li>  [[AWS_notes|AWS notes]]
 +
<li>  [[character_sequences|CLI and character sequences]]
 +
<li>  [https://www.ntppool.org/en/ NTP Pool organization]
 +
</ul>
 +
 +
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
 +
 +
<ul><!-- TOPIC GROUP NAME "Interesting projects" -->
 +
 +
<li> [https://devzone.nordicsemi.com/nordic/nrf-connect-sdk-guides/b/software/posts/enter-the-multi-nus-a-simple-wireless-uart-network nRF multi-NUS]
 +
<li> [https://docs.zephyrproject.org/latest/samples/drivers/led_ws2812/README.html WS2812 Zephyr driver]
 +
<li> [https://github.com/EseyeIoT/EseyeTelemetryModule-STM32_library Eseye IoT telem STM32]
 +
</ul>
 +
 +
|} <!-- CLOSE OF WIKI TABLE -->
 +
 +
== [[#top|^]] temporary section ==
 +
 +
Note:  useful to add ratings of completeness and organization to above links that point to local wiki pages.
 +
 +
*  https://devzone.nordicsemi.com/nordic/cellular-iot-guides/b/software-and-protocols/posts/connecting-to-aws-cloud-services-using-the-nrf9160
 +
 +
*  https://community.helium.com/t/new-to-helium-start-here/80
 +
http://iotfactory.eu/lorawan-world-frequency-map-lora-sigfox-nbiot-telecom-operators-per-country/  LoRaWAN world frequency map (not exhaustive)
 +
 +
Always useful to review, wiki table syntax help:
 +
 +
  *  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Table wiki table help]
 +
<!-- comment -->
 +
 +
Wiki-driven table of contents here:
 +
 +
__TOC__
 +
 +
 +
 +
<!-- SECTION - Countries and Politics -->
  
−
These are the first topics on which Ted wants to gather together notes.  Hard to remember all details regarding pitfalls encountered, solutions found, and ideas for improving the configuration and use experience of these softwares . . .  - TMH
+
=== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] <i> Countries and politics </i> ===
  
 +
*  https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/28/world/americas/china-latin-america.html
  
  
Line 80: Line 394:
 
<!-- comment -->
 
<!-- comment -->
  
−
<!-- SECTION - Linux packages -->
+
<!-- SECTION - Community, Culture, the World -->
  
−
== [[#top|^]] Linux Packages ==
+
== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]]<!--[[new_page|&darr;]]--> Community, Culture, the World ==
  
−
- 2017-07-31 &#x0938;&#x094b;&#x092e;&#x0935;&#x093e;&#x0930; -
+
Following sections on Community, Geography, Culture, Musica and the world may become a separate wiki page in the future.
  
  
−
This section a starting point for notes on Linux packages, namely Debian and Ubuntu packages.  Focus here is on userland software, and which packages are needed to set up various tools sets in a working Unix / Linux environment . . .
+
<!-- comment -->
  
−
*  libreoffice . . .
+
=== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] Geography and Place ===
−
<ul>
 
−
- 2017-10-11 WED -<br />
 
  
−
libreoffice-base<br />
+
*  https://www.usatoday.com/border-wall/story/flight-over-entire-us-mexico-border-fence/605855001/
−
libreoffice-calc<br />
 
−
libreoffice-dbg<br />
 
−
libreoffice-draw<br />
 
−
libreoffice-help-en-gb<br />
 
−
libreoffice-help-es<br />
 
−
libreoffice-impress<br />
 
−
libservlet2.5-java
 
−
</ul>
 
  
−
*  postfix . . . see section below
+
*  Morocco weather climate and agriculture . . .
 +
**  [http://www.our-africa.org/morocco/climate-agriculture Morocco's climate - Our Africa site]
 +
**  http://www.essaouira.nu/ecology_climate.htm
 +
**  http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2015/11/23/green-growth-putting-morocco-in-the-lead-against-climate-change
  
−
*  gpm
+
*  [https://www.sesptsa.org/featured/2018-tree-recycling/ Southeast Environmental School PTSA]
−
*  ctags
 
−
*  vim-doc
 
−
*  vim-scripts
 
−
*  xfonts-cyrillic
 
−
*  fonts-sil-gentium-basic
 
  
−
*  devhelp
+
*  [http://www.lensjoy.com/gallery/20.htm Tsagaglalal 'She Who Watches']
  
−
*  distcc . . . distributed compiling of C and C++ programs across multiple machines
+
<!--
 +
*  https://workbasedlearning.pnnl.gov/pals/resource/cards/bunchgrass.stm
 +
*  http://calscape.org/Festuca-idahoensis-(Idaho-Fescue) . . . includes mention of purple needlegrass
 +
*  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nassella_pulchra
 +
  *  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_California_native_plants#Common_grasses
 +
  *  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Native_grasses_of_California
 +
  * 
 +
-->
  
−
- 2017-10-12 THU -
 
−
*  xfractint
 
−
*  radeontop
 
  
 +
*  https://lebanonuntravelled.com/iris-sofarana-endemic-lebanese-flower/  Iris sofarana endemic to Lebanon
  
  
−
<!-- SECTION - Postfix -->
+
<!-- comment -->
  
−
=== [[#top|^]] Postfix ===
+
=== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] People ===
  
−
*  [http://www.postfix.org/ Postfix configuration]
+
Cultural and envinrmental:
−
**  [[postfix_configuration_notes|Postfix configuration notes of Ted's]]
+
<ul>
−
**  [http://www.postfix.org/ldap_table.5.html LDAP tables for e-mail alias look-ups]
+
*  https://www.hcn.org/issues/51.6/tribal-affairs-in-california-the-karuk-tribe-fights-a-growing-wildfire-threat-and-a-lack-of-funding
 +
</ul>
  
  
−
<!-- SECTION - Linux packages for Raspberry Pi system -->
+
*  https://www.opb.org/radio/programs/bbc-outlook/
 +
<ul>
 +
*  https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/w3cswsmc
 +
*  https://www.cnn.com/style/article/italy-umbrella-maker-talarico/index.html
 +
</ul>
  
−
=== [[#top|^]] Linux packages for Raspberry Pi system ===
 
  
−
*  [http://cdn-fastly.deb.debian.org/debian/pool/main/libg/libgd2/ libgd3_2.2.4-2+deb9u1_armhf.deb]
+
Encontrado 2019-12-30 lunes, commentario sobre Mahatma Gandhi:
 +
<ul>
 +
*  https://www.kolorkomplex.com/kolorkomplex-culture/2017/1/4/mahatma-gandhi
 +
</ul>
  
  
−
<!-- SECTION - Logitech wireless devices and unifying receiver -->
+
Tech authors, astronomy, more Linux reference material:
  
−
=== [[#top|^]] Logitech wireless devices and unifying receiver ===
+
<ul>
 +
*  https://www.howtogeek.com/author/lorikaufman/
 +
*  https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/05/aliens-on-your-packard-bell/527445/
 +
</ul>
  
−
*  [https://askubuntu.com/questions/113984/is-logitechs-unifying-receiver-supported ltunify software for Logitech unifying receivers]
+
<!-- comment -->
  
 +
=== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] Human languages ===
  
−
<!-- SECTION - sudo -->
+
*  [[nn-english-hindi-glossary|English-Hindi glossary at NN]]
  
−
=== [[#top|^]] sudo ===
+
*  [https://www.omniglot.com/writing/devanagari_conjuncts.php Devanagari conjunct characters]
  
−
Ted noting sudo manual page URL here, in order to revisit and read about <code>sudo -e</code> as well as sudo invoked with the <code>-l</code> and <code>-v</code> options. Also noting there is an environment variable sometimes set, variable named <code>$SUDO_USER</code>.
+
*  [[cool_new_words|cool new words encountered . . .]]
  
−
*  https://www.sudo.ws/man/sudoers.man.html
+
*  [https://www.pinterest.com/pin/836191855785684878/ US standard Braille and other symbol and language systems]
  
 +
- 2017-12-15 FRI -
  
−
<!-- SECTION -  -->
+
*  https://etohautakuva.deviantart.com/art/Taugedei-Abugida-Alphasyllabary-Cheatsheet-610277914
 +
* http://langventure.strikingly.com/blog/hindi-abugida-in-action
 +
*  https://wsotw.weebly.com/blog/alphabets-abugidas-and-syllabaries
  
−
=== [[#top|^]] parted partition editor ===
+
<!--
 +
Gaurav
 +
Gaurav
 +
7 months ago
 +
ओ पालनहारे निर्गुण और न्यारे
 +
ओ पालनहारे निर्गुण और न्यारे
 +
तुमरे बिन हमरा कौनों नहीं
 +
हमरी उलझन सुलझाओं भगवान
 +
तुमरे बिन हमरा कौनों नहीं
 +
तुम्हे हमका हो संभाले
 +
तुम्हे हमरे रखवाले
 +
तुमरे बिन हमरा कौनों नहीं
 +
तुमरे बिन हमरा कौनों नहीं
  
−
Some excerpts from parted use on LFS volume . . .
+
चंदा में तुम्ह भरे हो चांदनी
 +
सूरज में उजाला तुम्ह से
 +
ये गगन है मगन
 +
तुम्हे तो दिए हो इससे तारे
 +
भगवान ये जीवन ना सवारोगे
 +
तो क्या कोई सवारे
 +
ओ पालनहारे निर्गुण और न्यारे
 +
तुमरे बिन हमरा कौनों नहीं
 +
तुमरे बिन हमरा कौनों नहीं
  
−
<pre>
+
जो सनों तो कहे प्रभुजी हमरी है बिनती
 +
दुखी हैं को धीरज दो
 +
हारे नहीं वो कभी दुख से
 +
तुम निर्बल को रक्षा के
 +
रेह पाए निर्बल सुख से
 +
भक्ति को शक्ति को
 +
भक्ति को शक्ति को
 +
जग के जो स्वामी हो
 +
इतनी तो अरज सुनो
 +
है पथ में अंधियारे
 +
देदो वरदान में उजियारे
  
−
(parted) print /dev/sdb                                                 
+
ओ पालनहारे निर्गुण और न्यारे
−
Model: ATA ST3160812AS (scsi)
+
तुमरे बिन हमरा कौनों नहीं
−
Disk /dev/sdb: 160GB
+
हमरी उलझन सुलझाओं भगवान
−
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
+
तुमरे बिन हमरा कौनों नहीं
−
Partition Table: msdos
 
  
−
Number  Start  End    Size    Type      File system  Flags
+
ओ पालनहारे निर्गुण और न्यारे
−
1      32.3kB  107MB  107MB  primary  ext4        boot
+
तुमरे बिन हमरा कौनों नहीं
−
2      107MB  7789MB  7682MB  extended
+
हमरी उलझन सुलझाओं भगवान
−
5      107MB  7789MB  7682MB  logical  ext4
+
तुमरे बिन हमरा कौनों नहीं
 +
-->
  
−
  .
+
<!-- comment -->
−
  .
 
−
  .
 
  
−
</pre>
+
=== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] Science ===
  
−
Well one thing Ted noting is that parted cannot resize file systems, which are the structured data which overlay and live in partitions. The partition is one thing, mapped in a partition table somewhere on the physical disk or volume. The file system on a given partition is another thing, contained and bounded within that partition. Resizing the partition doesn't resize the file system. So which tool can deal with resizing a partition on which an ext4 file system exists?  And then permit a next, independent step to resize the file system there?  - TMH
+
*  https://www.asbmb.org/asbmb-today/science/020721/a-brief-history-of-the-periodic-table
 +
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_elements_by_stability_of_isotopes
  
 +
== - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - - ==
  
 
<!-- comment -->
 
<!-- comment -->
  
−
<!-- SECTION - Bash Shell Scripting -->
+
- 2017-10-05 - Ted noting here that would be good to have a [[technical_glossary|technical glossary]] to make easily accessible all the technical terms which arise in daily work and exploration of technologies . . .
 +
 
 +
 
 +
- 2017-10-19 - TO-DO list:
  
−
== [[#top|^]] Bash Shell Scripting ==
+
  *  [&#10003;] complete LFS 8.1 exercise
 +
  *  [ ] configure xserver to run stand-along without window manager (seems to be working on 1604 spare LTS host . . .)
 +
  *  [ ] set up two mysql servers on one host
 +
  *  [ ] write "best photo contribution" practices page for ASI
 +
  *  [ ] code "re-use or reference text block" module for MediaWiki <i> &lt;-- this needs further explanation - TMH </i>
 +
  *  [ ] in local Neela Nurseries PHP code base, amend hybrid building of nav menus to include highlighting parent page of given viewed page
 +
  *  [ ] in OpenCart 2.x find way to customize top-of-page information and links
 +
  *  [ ] in OpenCart 2.x find way to format product lists as compact lists, like Gmail inbox or Windows 'list view' of files
  
−
Shell scripting and use of built-in shell commands is a really practical knowledge to employ, when working in Unix-like environments.  One common task is to find all the instances of a given file or program.  The <code>locate</code> command can perform this kind of search, but it's results don't show whether the file instances differ.  To check at the rough level of file size, we can use a one-line shell script technique involving shell piping, to "long list" the results of the <code>locate</code> command, like this . . .
 
  
 +
<!-- comment -->
  
−
<pre>
+
== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] GNU Make and GCC Tools ==
−
  $ for file in `locate tavrasm | grep 'asm$'`; do ls -l ${file}; done
 
−
</pre>
 
  
 +
<br />
 +
<span style="background-color:#ffd0d0; border:maroon 1px dotted; padding:10px;"><i>2018-07-18 NOTE:  this section to be moved to separate [[Make_and_GCC|GCC and Make article]] . . .  - TMH</i></span>
  
−
Hmm strange, the above command calls `grep` with a pattern that ends in the shell end-of-line anchoring character $, and appears to filter for results of `locate` which end in 'asm'.  But on 2017-09-12 needed to add a "one or more wildcard" character pattern to limit search results for instances of `locate` results ending in 'qemu':
+
<br />
  
 +
*  https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-8.4.0/cpp/Stringizing.html
  
−
<pre>
+
*  https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/html_node/Special-Targets.html
−
$ locate qemu | grep '.*qemu$'
 
−
</pre>
 
  
 +
Using macros with gcc:
 +
*  https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Option-Summary.html  . . . gcc summary of options
 +
*  https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/cpp/Macros.html          . . . defining macros with -Dmacro_name=expression
 +
*  https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Preprocessor-Options.html#Preprocessor-Options  . . . -MT and other preprocessor options
  
−
Why the apparent difference in command invocation? Need to test . . . - TMH
+
Code libraries and shared objects, expressing paths to them:
 +
* https://gist.github.com/gubatron/32f82053596c24b6bec6
  
 +
gcc.gnu.org - 3.15 Specifying subprocesses and switches passed to them
 +
*  https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-4.1.2/gcc/Spec-Files.html#Spec-Files
  
 +
gcc how to show macros and pre-processor defines:
 +
*  https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2224334/gcc-dump-preprocessor-defines
  
  
 
<!-- comment -->
 
<!-- comment -->
  
−
<!-- SECTION - Aboriginal Linux -->
+
== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] OpenOCD and Eagle set up notes ==
 +
 
 +
Eagle fails to start due to symbols not resolve-able . . .
 +
 
 +
  *  https://forums.autodesk.com/t5/eagle-forum/can-t-run-eagle-on-debian-10-testing/td-p/8312348
 +
 
 +
Automake or autoconf or autoreconf -i fails for LIBTOOL undefined . . .
 +
 
 +
  *  https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18978252/error-libtool-library-used-but-libtool-is-undefined
  
−
== [[#top|^]] Aboriginal Linux - project now defunct, new project is 'makeroot' ==
 
  
  
−
Ok, looks like Robert Landley's [https://landley.net/aboriginal/about.html Aboriginal Linux] project has been superceded by [http://landley.net/aboriginal/ mkroot].  Ladnley's newer makeroot project sources are available at GitHub:
+
  *  https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43565009/failing-to-enable-stlink-in-openocd
  
 +
<!-- comment -->
  
−
*  [https://github.com/landley/mkroot makeroot project on GitHub]
+
<!-- SECTION - Mediawiki Issues and Notes -->
  
 +
== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] Mediawiki Issues and Notes ==
  
−
Having trouble carrying out the basic build of Aboriginal Linux with armv6l as target . . .
+
- 2018-01-22 -
 +
While editing sidebar of Mediawiki instance at Neela, Ted noticing a difference in Mediawiki's treatment of hyperlinks in the sidebar.  Links to external sites don't appear, and links to internal pages require single square brace enclosure to appear with alternate text as a link label . . .
  
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
 +
<!--
 +
** [https://buildroot.org/downloads/manual/manual.html Buildroot manual]
 +
<a href="https://buildroot.org/downloads/manual/manual.html">Buildroot manual</a>
  
−
  .
+
- 2018-01-22 MON -
−
  .
+
** https://wiki.neelanurseries.com/index.php/Nn_embedded_linux_notes#.E2.86.91_.E2.86.93_Buildroot|Buildroot notes . . . only 'notes' shows as non-link text - TMH
−
  .
+
-->
 +
</pre>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
=== [[#top|^]] File uploads ===
  
−
Confirmed e2fsprogs-1.42.13.tar.gz
+
- 2018-06-29 FRI -
−
Confirmed zlib-1.2.7.tar.bz2
+
Issue adding .txt type files to whitelist of Mediawiki installation uploadable files:
−
Confirmed squashfs-4.2.tar.gz
 
−
=== Got all source.
 
  
−
real    0m2.240s
+
<pre>
−
user    0m1.188s
+
Action failed
−
sys    0m0.176s
 
−
=== toybox (host host-tools)
 
−
Snapshot 'toybox'...
 
−
scripts/genconfig.sh
 
−
cc -o kconfig/conf kconfig/conf.c kconfig/zconf.tab.c -DKBUILD_NO_NLS=1 \
 
−
                -DPROJECT_NAME=\"ToyBox\"
 
−
kconfig/conf -D /dev/null Config.in > /dev/null
 
−
scripts/make.sh
 
−
Generate headers from toys/*/*.c...
 
−
generated/newtoys.h Library probe.......
 
−
Make generated/config.h from .config.
 
−
generated/flags.h generated/globals.h generated/help.h
 
−
Compile toybox................................................................................................................................................................generated/obj/nsenter.o: In function `unshare_main':
 
−
nsenter.c:(.text.unshare_main+0x152): undefined reference to `setns'
 
−
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
 
−
make: *** [toybox] Error 1
 
  
−
Exiting due to errors (host host-tools toybox)
+
Could not open lock file for "mwstore://local-backend/local-public/e/ec/Asi-officers-list-2018.txt".
  
 +
Return to Main Page.
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
  
−
*  [http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/setns.2.html Linux kernel routine to setns()]
+
[[media:arrow-up-prelight.png|200px|thumb|left|png type image]] to test file uploads of allowed image type . . .<br />
 +
[[media:arrow-up-prelight.png]]
 +
 
 +
 
  
 +
Following link may have helpful information:
  
−
Robert Landley also has a presence on [https://www.patreon.com/landley www.patreon.com/landley], where he talks about the over-arching goals in his programming and software systems level work.
+
*  https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Topic:Qlib7k3p2zvi7pkq
  
 +
- 2018-07-25 WED -
  
 +
*  https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:Configuring_file_uploads  . . . be sure to examine $wgFileBlacklist in addition to $wgFileExtensions,
  
 
<!-- comment -->
 
<!-- comment -->
−
<!-- SECTION - Linux From Scratch (LFS) project -->
 
  
−
== [[#top|^]] Linux From Scratch (LFS) Project - 8.1 Release ==
+
=== [[#top|^]] Images in wiki pages and image attributes ===
−
<br />
 
−
- 2017-09-26 - Ted soon to move these Linux From Scratch notes to a [[linux_from_scratch separate|Linux From Scratch wiki page]].
 
  
−
Here are notes by Ted, beginning work to build a 'Linux From Scratch' system crossed-compiled for the ARM architecture, in a way suitable to run with complete function on RaspberryPi development boards.  At same time Ted looking to build minimal system and tool chain, offering environment in which to compile and to cross-compile C and C++ programs. Notes here begin with some useful, initially found links to [http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/ LFS home page] of Gerard Beekman et al:
+
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Images_linking_to_articles
  
 +
<!-- comment -->
  
−
*  [http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/ Linux From Scratch project homepage]
+
=== [[#top|^]] Mediawiki layout topics like multi column layout ===
−
*  [http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/view/development/index.html LFS project index]
 
−
*  [http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/view/development/chapter02/hostreqs.html LFS host requirements]
 
  
−
*  [http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/view/stable/chapter02/stages.html LFS chapter 2 build stages . . .]
+
- 2018-11-30 FRI -
 +
*  https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Topic:Ube2zt7nhfk51l3s
  
  
−
Linux From Scratch project observes Linux Standard Base (LSB) requirements.  These requirements include,
+
<!-- comment -->
  
−
*  [https://www.gnu.org/software/binutils/ binutils]
+
=== [[#top|^]] Other Mediawiki topics ===
  
 +
*  https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Moving_a_page
  
−
Cross-compiling Linux system from scratch . . .
+
<!-- comment -->
  
−
*  [http://trac.clfs.org/ Cross Linux From Scratch]
+
<!-- SECTION - Web Site Building Blocks -->
  
 +
== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] Web Site Building Blocks - Summer 2017 to 2020 Q1 Work ==
  
−
Linux from Scratch for RaspberryPi target system . . .
+
Must begin a new section on web site security issues. Here are a couple of articles as starting points to sleuth out how the "WARNING - Please read me XMG" ransomeware attack can reach MYSQL databases of on-line hosts:
  
−
*  [http://intestinate.com/pilfs/beyond.html Linux From Scratch (LFS) for RaspberryPi]
+
<ul>
 +
*  https://www.wordfence.com/blog/2017/07/searchreplacedb2-security/.
 +
*  https://www.imperva.com/blog/ransomware-attacks-on-mysql-and-mongodb/
 +
</ul>
  
  
−
Some Linux programs and utilities, services worth studying further, for better understanding of system and networking:
+
2019-11-12
 +
<ul>
 +
*  https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-logs.html
 +
*  https://www.percona.com/blog/2012/12/28/auditing-login-attempts-in-mysql/
 +
</ul>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
* [[nn_web_site_building_blocks|Web site building blocks]] . . . now a separate wiki document, as of 2018-01-08.  - TMH
  
 +
2020-01-27 htpasswd access files
 
<ul>
 
<ul>
−
<li> grub, EFI and UEFI<br />
+
*  https://www.htaccesstools.com/articles/htpasswd/
−
<li> iproute, routef and routel, IPV4 routine tables<br />
 
−
<li> util-linux-2.30.1 . . . chapter 6.66, lots of utilities here!<br />
 
−
<!--
 
−
<li> <br />
 
−
-->
 
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
  
  
 +
<!-- comment -->
 +
 +
== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] Open Source License Types ==
 +
 +
*  https://lukasa.co.uk/2012/05/GPL_vs_MIT_Which_License_To_Use/
 +
 +
 +
<!-- comment -->
 +
 +
<!-- SECTION - Linux packages -->
  
 +
== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] Linux Packages (Separate Article) ==
  
 +
[[nn_linux_software_package_notes|Linux software package notes]] a separate wiki document on Neela wiki.  - TMH
  
  
 
<!-- comment -->
 
<!-- comment -->
  
−
=== [[#top|^]] First mount and build steps ===
+
== - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - - ==
  
−
- 2017-90-18 MON -
 
  
−
LFS book release 8.1, chapter 2.4 talks about typical and "convenience" partitions which are often or sometimes created for Unix and Linux systems.  Ted's notebook of LFS work past two weeks not on hand, but going from memory and cfdisk partition list which lacks labels and mount points, here are the partitions Ted created first time stepping through chapter 2:
 
  
 +
<!-- comment -->
 +
 +
<!-- SECTION - Bash Shell Scripting -->
 +
 +
== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] Bash Shell Scripting ==
 +
 +
 +
Bash (Bourne shell) Quick Reference:
  
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
 +
Shell Built-in Variables:
 +
 +
  $0    Name of given shell script itself
 +
  $1    Value of first command line parameter (similarly $2, $3, ...)
 +
  $#    In given shell script the number of command line parameters received
 +
  $*    All of the command line parameters
 +
  $-    Options given to the shell
 +
  $?    Return (or holds) the exit status of the last command
 +
  $$    Process id of given script (really the id of the shell running the script)
 +
 +
 +
Shell test constructs:
 +
 +
SYNTAX      NAME OF SHELL TEST                                NOTES
 +
 +
[          built-in test                                    considers its arguments as comparison expressions or file tests
 +
 +
[[...]]    in Bash => 2.02 the extended test command
  
−
    Name              Flags            Part Type      FS Type                [Label]              Size (MB)        mount point
+
((...))    arithmetic tests                                  example:  (( 0 && 1 ))  # Logical AND
−
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
−
    sdb1              Boot              Primary        ext4                                            106.93            /boot
 
−
    sdb5                                Logical        ext4                                            7682.42            /
 
−
    sdb6                                Logical        swap                                            1003.49 ( not applicable to swap partition )
 
−
    sdb7                                Logical       ext4                                          10001.95            /home
 
−
    sdb8                                Logical        ext4                                          20003.89            /opt
 
−
    sdb9                                Logical        ext4                                          50001.48            /usr/src
 
−
    sdb10                              Logical        ext4                                          50001.48            /var
 
−
                                        Pri/Log        Free Space                                    21240.29      *
 
  
  
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
  
 +
<i>
 +
References:
 +
*  http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/testconstructs.html
 +
*  http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/internal.html#BUILTINREF
 +
*  http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/string-manipulation.html
 +
</i>
  
−
Per chapter 2.4 comments on convenience partitions, Ted not creating a partition for either /usr nor /tmp.  Ted creating /opt for software which falls outside of Debian and Ubuntu package lists, such as LPCXpresso and LTSpice.
 
  
−
Working through LFS stable release book or instructions, at end of chapter two page titled chapter 2.7 LFS book calls for first mount of newly created system-to-be partition.  Ted using ext4 type journaled file system.  Somewhere in or about chapter five, further mounts of other file systems of the new system are needed.  Here 2017-09-25 Monday Ted noting history of mounts, which were completed prior to software compilations in chapter 6:
 
  
 +
Shell scripting and use of built-in shell commands is a practical knowledge to employ, when working in Unix-like environments.  One common task is to find all the instances of a given file or program.  The <code>locate</code> command can perform this kind of search, but it's results don't show whether the file instances differ.  To check at the rough level of file size, we can use a one-line shell script technique involving shell piping, to "long list" the results of the <code>locate</code> command, like this . . .
  
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
 +
  $ for file in `locate tavrasm | grep 'asm$'`; do ls -l ${file}; done
 +
</pre>
  
−
ted@localhost:~$ echo $LFS
+
Hmm strange, the above command calls `grep` with a pattern that ends in the shell end-of-line anchoring character $, and appears to filter for results of `locate` which end in 'asm'.  But on 2017-09-12 needed to add a "one or more wildcard" character pattern to limit search results for instances of `locate` results ending in 'qemu':
−
/mnt/lfs
 
  
−
ted@localhost:~$ history | grep mount
+
<pre>
−
  .
+
    $ locate qemu | grep '.*qemu$'
−
  .
+
</pre>
−
  .
+
 
−
  556  sudo mount -v -t ext4 /dev/sdb5 /mnt/lfs
+
Why the apparent difference in command invocation? Need to test . . . - TMH
−
  673  history | grep mount
+
 
−
  674 sudo mount -v -t ext4 /dev/sdb5 /mnt/lfs
+
 
−
  779  mount
+
 
−
  939  mount
+
Command to break out first ten $PATH environment variable to individual paths each shown on a line of the shell:
−
  976  sudo mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev
 
−
  977 sudo mount -vt devpts devpts $LFS/dev/pts -o gid=5,mode=620
 
−
  978  mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc
 
−
  979  sudo mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc
 
−
  980  sudo mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys
 
−
  981  sudo mount -vt tmpfs tmpfs $LFS/run
 
−
  986  mount
 
−
  988  sudo umount /mnt/lfs
 
−
1001  history | grep mount
 
  
−
ted@localhost:~$
+
<pre>
 +
    $ for path in `echo $PATH | cut -d':' -f1-10 --output-delimiter=' '`; do echo $path; done
 +
</pre>
  
 +
2018-04-23 - Monday, command to obtain summary of directories containing 1GB or more data:
 +
<pre>
 +
    $ du -h . | grep [0-9]G
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
  
  
−
The key mounting steps are, assuming $LFS set to /mnt/lfs . . .
 
  
 +
 +
=== <i> [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] edit point - shell variable quoting</i> ===
 +
 +
- 2017-10-19 THU -
 +
 +
Running into issues when need to expand shell variable in single quotes pair . . .
 +
 +
[https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/178411/how-to-use-variables-inside-single-quotes Stack Exchange, Unix forum post 178411]<br />
 +
[http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/varassignment.html TLPD Advanced Bash Scripting Guide, chapter 4.2 example 4-3 double quotes preserve white space]<br />
 +
 +
 +
WIKI WISH LIST - While adding to wiki, Ted noting that would be useful to have relative-depth wiki section markers.  The standard wiki section markers '== ==', '=== ===' and similar have fixed depth.  That is, '== ==' is always a top-level or first-level section in a wiki document, '=== ===' is always a sub-subsection of wiki documents, and '==== ====' a sub-sub-section.  When section gets re-factored into its own article, would be handy to have those section markers rise up to levels of top-most and successive section markers.  - TMH
 +
 +
 +
 +
<!-- comment -->
 +
 +
=== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] example shell script - back up several databases ===
 +
 +
&nbsp;<br />
 +
Here is a simple shell script to call mysqldump utility and back up several databases.  Couple of things Ted wants to add to this script include script variables to hold back-up filename prefix and infix patterns, and an option to compress the MYSQL dump files . . .
 +
 +
<i>Figure x - shell script to back-up multiple MYSQL databases</i>
  
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
  
−
    $ # From LFS 8.1 chapter 2.7, mounting the new file system:
+
#!/bin/bash
 +
 
 +
 
 +
DATABASE_LIST="information_schema mysql drupal_8p0 phpmyadmin wiki_database"
 +
 
 +
user="root"
 +
pass_phrase_for_mysql="mysql_user_password"
 +
options_extra="--skip-lock-tables"
 +
 
 +
response="n"
 +
 
 +
mode_interactive="n"
 +
 
  
−
    $ sudo mount -v -t ext4 /dev/sdb5 /mnt/lfs
 
  
 +
echo "shell script starting,"
  
−
    $ # From LFS 8.1 chapter 6.2, preparing virtual kernel file systems:
 
  
−
    $ sudo mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev
 
−
    $ sudo mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc
 
−
    $ sudo mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys
 
−
    $ sudo mount -vt tmpfs tmpfs $LFS/run
 
  
−
</pre>
+
for database in ${DATABASE_LIST};
 +
do echo "backing up alta-ubuntu database $database . . .";
 +
 
 +
#    command="mysqldump --databases $database -u$user -p$pass_phrase_for_mysql $options_extra >> au-database-back-up--${database}.sql"
 +
    command="mysqldump --databases $database -u$user -p$pass_phrase_for_mysql $options_extra"
 +
    redirect="au-database-back-up--${database}.sql"
 +
 
 +
    if [ $mode_interactive = 'y' ]; then
 +
 
 +
        echo "build command '$command' and database back-up filename'$redirect',"
 +
        echo "full command will be '$command' > '$redirect',"
 +
        echo "trying running this command and redirect? [y/N/q]  yes, no, 'q' to quit"
 +
 
 +
        read response
 +
        if [ $response = 'Y' -o $response = 'y' ]; then
 +
            ${command} > $redirect
 +
        elif [ $response = 'N' -o $response = 'n' ]; then
 +
            echo "skipping present command . . ."
 +
        elif [ $response = 'Q' -o $response = 'q' ]; then
 +
            echo "stopping script '$0' and exiting."
 +
            break
 +
        fi
 +
        echo
 +
 
 +
    else
 +
 
 +
        echo "$0:  backing up database '$database' to file '$redirect' . . ."
 +
        ${command} > $redirect
 +
        ls -l $redirect
  
 +
    fi
  
 +
done
  
−
Ted noting specific mount steps as root partition at 7.7GB too small to permit chapter 6 builds.  Ted learning <code>parted</code> disk partitioning utility in order to resize /dev/sdb5 root partition of 2017 September LFS project build.  There appears to be some good notes on using a tool named <code>resize2fs</code> at the AskUbuntu forum page https://askubuntu.com/questions/390769/how-do-i-resize-partitions-using-command-line-without-using-a-gui-on-a-server.  But neither parted for resize2fs alone were the answer, Ted uses [[resize_partition_and_ext4_file_system|cfdisk, e2fsck and resize2fs]] to achieve a partition and corresponding file system size increase.
 
  
−
After building first package <code>binutils-2.29</code> the directory <code>/tools</code> holds directories and files in the following command line snippet of figure x.  Bin-utils 2p29 took about 5 mins 30 seconds to build:
+
echo "done."
  
 +
exit 0
 +
</pre>
  
−
<i>Figure x - looking at results of LFS first build step, building bin-utils 2.29:</i>
+
=== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] show kernel version script ===
 +
 
 +
Following script 'showkversion' can be used in a Linux kernel source tree to determine the kernel's version number, based on the number elements defined in the kernel's top level makefile.
 +
 
 +
<i>Figure x - simple bash script to show kernel version in root of kernel sources tree</i>
  
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
 +
#!/bin/bash
  
−
lfs@localhost:~$ ls /tools
+
## - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
−
bin i686-lfs-linux-gnu  share
+
## Started 2017-12-15 FRI - script to parse and show Linux kernel
 +
##  version from top-level makefile in set of kernel sources.  Patterns
 +
##  to `grep` chosen based on kernel version identifiers in first
 +
##  three lines of typical kernel top-level makefile.  Example:
 +
##
 +
##  $ head -n 6 Makefile
 +
##  VERSION = 4
 +
##  PATCHLEVEL = 9
 +
##  SUBLEVEL = 66
 +
##  EXTRAVERSION =
 +
## NAME = Roaring Lionus
 +
##
 +
##
 +
## - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
  
−
ted@localhost:~$ ls /tools/bin
 
−
i686-lfs-linux-gnu-addr2line  i686-lfs-linux-gnu-elfedit  i686-lfs-linux-gnu-nm      i686-lfs-linux-gnu-readelf
 
−
i686-lfs-linux-gnu-ar        i686-lfs-linux-gnu-gprof    i686-lfs-linux-gnu-objcopy  i686-lfs-linux-gnu-size
 
−
i686-lfs-linux-gnu-as        i686-lfs-linux-gnu-ld      i686-lfs-linux-gnu-objdump  i686-lfs-linux-gnu-strings
 
−
i686-lfs-linux-gnu-c++filt    i686-lfs-linux-gnu-ld.bfd  i686-lfs-linux-gnu-ranlib  i686-lfs-linux-gnu-strip
 
  
−
lfs@localhost:~$ ls /tools/share
+
script_name="showkversion"
−
info  man
 
  
−
lfs@localhost:~$ ls /tools/i686-lfs-linux-gnu/
 
−
bin  lib
 
  
−
lfs@localhost:~$ ls /tools/i686-lfs-linux-gnu/lib
+
if [ ]; then
−
ldscripts
+
    head -n 5 Makefile | grep ^VERSION | cut -d " " -f 3
 +
    head -n 5 Makefile | grep ^PATCH | cut -d " " -f 3
 +
    head -n 5 Makefile | grep ^SUBLEVEL | cut -d " " -f 3
 +
fi
  
−
lfs@localhost:~$ ls /tools/i686-lfs-linux-gnu/lib/ldscripts/
+
MAJOR=$(head -n 5 Makefile | grep ^VERSION | cut -d " " -f 3)
−
elf32_x86_64.x    elf32_x86_64.xdw  elf32_x86_64.xsw  elf_i386.xc  elf_i386.xr  elf_i386.xw    elf_iamcu.xdc  elf_iamcu.xsc  i386linux.xbn
+
MINOR1=$(head -n 5 Makefile | grep ^PATCH | cut -d " " -f 3)
−
elf32_x86_64.xbn  elf32_x86_64.xn  elf32_x86_64.xu  elf_i386.xd  elf_i386.xs  elf_iamcu.x    elf_iamcu.xdw  elf_iamcu.xsw  i386linux.xn
+
MINOR2=$(head -n 5 Makefile | grep ^SUBLEVEL | cut -d " " -f 3)
−
elf32_x86_64.xc  elf32_x86_64.xr  elf32_x86_64.xw  elf_i386.xdc  elf_i386.xsc  elf_iamcu.xbn  elf_iamcu.xn  elf_iamcu.xu  i386linux.xr
 
−
elf32_x86_64.xd  elf32_x86_64.xs  elf_i386.x        elf_i386.xdw  elf_i386.xsw  elf_iamcu.xc  elf_iamcu.xr  elf_iamcu.xw  i386linux.xu
 
−
elf32_x86_64.xdc  elf32_x86_64.xsc  elf_i386.xbn      elf_i386.xn  elf_i386.xu  elf_iamcu.xd  elf_iamcu.xs  i386linux.x
 
  
−
lfs@localhost:~$ ls /tools/i686-lfs-linux-gnu/bin
+
KERNEL_REVISION="${MAJOR}.${MINOR1}.${MINOR2}"
−
ar  as  ld  ld.bfd  nm  objcopy  objdump  ranlib  readelf  strip
 
  
−
lfs@localhost:~$ /tools/i686-lfs-linux-gnu/bin/ar --version
+
echo
−
GNU ar (GNU Binutils) 2.29
+
echo "Kernel version in present kernel sources tree, per makefile, is ${KERNEL_REVISION}"
−
Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
echo
−
This program is free software; you may redistribute it under the terms of
 
−
the GNU General Public License version 3 or (at your option) any later version.
 
−
This program has absolutely no warranty.
 
  
−
lfs@localhost:~$
 
  
 +
exit 0
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
  
Line 446: Line 921:
 
<!-- comment -->
 
<!-- comment -->
  
−
=== [[#top|^]] <!--LFS 8.1--> chapter 6.2 - preparing virtual kernel file systems ===
+
=== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] Other useful shell tutorial references ===
 +
 
 +
*  http://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/textproc.html . . . commands cut, paste, join and others
 +
*  https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/131766/why-does-my-shell-script-choke-on-whitespace-or-other-special-characters . . . read shell input line by line
 +
*  https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7427262/how-to-read-a-file-into-a-variable-in-shell . . . read file into shell variable
 +
 
  
−
<br />
 
−
Specific mount invocations mentioned in chapter 6.2.  From section 6.2.2 the first <code>mount</code> invocation:
 
  
 +
<!-- comment -->
  
−
  mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev
+
== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] Regex tutorials ==
  
 +
*  https://www.ntu.edu.sg/home/ehchua/programming/howto/Regexe.html
  
−
And from section 6.2.3 the remaining <code>mount</code> invocations:
+
2019-11-02 - An interesting blog post and replies, at, I think, Jamie Zawinski's home page. This one on the use and some limits of regular expressions:
  
 +
  *  https://www.jwz.org/blog/2011/11/you-doom-us-all-to-inhuman-toil-for-the-one-whose-name-cannot-be-expressed-in-the-basic-multilingual-plane/
  
−
  mount -vt devpts devpts $LFS/dev/pts -o gid=5,mode=620
 
−
  mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc
 
−
  mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys
 
−
  mount -vt tmpfs tmpfs $LFS/run
 
  
 +
<!-- comment -->
  
 +
== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] `sed` stream editor ==
  
 +
Unix `sed` stream editor, examples and references:
  
−
Ted's test of cut-and-paste text to permit running all five mount invocations with one text copy action . . . Ted noting the backslashes for line continuation don't work, and thinking on this syntax it makes sense that we need separate each mount invocation, as these are complete commands.  Otherwise the second `mount` is parsed by the shell as an rgument to the first appearance of `mount` . . .
+
<i>Code snippet - rename multiple files where a substring need be changed:</i>
  
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
 +
  $ for file in `ls ./2109*.*`; do mv $file `ls -1 $file | sed s/2109/2019/` ; done
 +
</pre>
 +
 +
References on `sed`:
 +
 +
*  http://www.grymoire.com/Unix/Sed.html#uh-1
 +
 +
2021-08-26:
 +
*  https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/375530/use-sed-to-find-and-replace-a-string-in-multiple-files
 +
 +
<!-- comment -->
 +
 +
== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] Other Computer Programming Languages ==
 +
 +
 +
 +
<!-- comment -->
 +
 +
=== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] Python Scripting Language ===
 +
 +
*  https://docs.python.org/2/tutorial/index.html
 +
 +
*  https://learn.onemonth.com/ruby-vs-python/
  
−
mount -v --bind /dev $LFS/dev ;\
 
−
mount -vt devpts devpts $LFS/dev/pts -o gid=5,mode=620 ;\
 
−
mount -vt proc proc $LFS/proc ;\
 
−
mount -vt sysfs sysfs $LFS/sys ;\
 
−
mount -vt tmpfs tmpfs $LFS/run
 
  
−
</pre>
 
  
 
<!-- comment -->
 
<!-- comment -->
  
−
=== [[#top|^]] <!--LFS 8.1--> chapter 6.4 - entering the chroot environment ===
+
=== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] Expect Utility by Don Libes ===
  
−
<br />
+
Installing 'expect' on Ubuntu 16.04.x LTS host, typical dependencies:
−
Taken directly from the chapter:
 
  
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
 +
ted@localhost:~/projects/shell/expect-work$ sudo apt install expect
  
−
chroot "$LFS" /tools/bin/env -i \
+
Reading package lists... Done
−
    HOME=/root                  \
+
Building dependency tree     
−
    TERM="$TERM"                \
+
Reading state information... Done
−
    PS1='\u:\w\$ '              \
+
The following additional packages will be installed:
−
    PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/tools/bin \
+
  libfontenc1 libxaw7 libxmu6 libxmuu1 libxtst6 libxv1 libxxf86dga1 tcl-expect tcl8.6 tk8.6 x11-utils xbitmaps xterm
−
    /tools/bin/bash --login +h
+
Suggested packages:
 +
  tcl-tclreadline mesa-utils xfonts-cyrillic
 +
The following NEW packages will be installed:
 +
  expect libfontenc1 libxaw7 libxmu6 libxmuu1 libxtst6 libxv1 libxxf86dga1 tcl-expect tcl8.6 tk8.6 x11-utils xbitmaps xterm
 +
0 upgraded, 14 newly installed, 0 to remove and 5 not upgraded.
 +
Need to get 1,373 kB of archives.
 +
After this operation, 4,110 kB of additional disk space will be used.
 +
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
 +
  .
 +
  .
 +
  .
 +
</pre>
  
−
</pre>
 
  
 +
Some 'expect' utility references:
 +
 +
*  https://www.unix.com/shell-programming-and-scripting/176054-multiple-while-loops-expect-script.html?s=3aa3009c43b2e834326eea6dfa0d1139
 +
 +
Good short examples covering range of tasks here at Robert Elder blog page, noting md5sum expect script example . . .
 +
*  http://blog.robertelder.org/don-libes-expect-unix-automation-tool/
 +
 +
*  https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/community/blogs/brian/entry/when_to_use_expect_scripting_and_when_to_avoid_it10?lang=en Expect script with while-loop
 +
 +
*  https://wiki.tcl.tk/11584 list of Expect tutorials
 +
 +
*  https://debaan.blogspot.com/2007/09/simple-expect-ssh-example.html
 +
 +
*  http://wiki.tcl.tk/11583
 +
 +
How to capture specific results during an expect script's execution:
 +
*  https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2077721/how-do-you-save-and-parse-a-command-output-in-expect
  
  
−
<!-- comment -->
+
- 2018-01-30 - Tuesday, picking up from last week researching how to redirect expect output and its spawned processes' output with filtering to log file.  The first reference here at Stackoverflow repeats the useful <code>lindex</code> syntax.  There is also mention of the <code>expect</code> manual and a syntax <code>$::env(action)</code> which can be expressed in an expect script to access an environment variable that is part of the controlling shell . . .
 +
*  https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11131318/how-to-use-bash-script-variables-in-expect-conditional-statements
  
−
=== [[#top|^]] <!--LFS 8.1--> chapter 5.5 - gcc first pass ===
+
How to use expect's <code>log_file</code> key word in an expect script:
 +
*  https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15965504/how-to-create-log-file-for-tcl-script
  
−
Chapter 5.5, building gcc first pass, took about sixty three (63) minutes:
+
From the manual page for expect version 5.45:
  
 +
<ul>
 +
<i>
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
 +
      log_file [args] [[-a] file]
 +
            If a filename is provided, log_file will record a transcript of the session (beginning at that point) in
 +
            the file.  log_file will stop recording if no argument is given.  Any previous log file is closed.
  
−
  .
+
            Instead  of  a  filename,  a Tcl file identifier may be provided by using the -open or -leaveopen flags.
−
  .
+
            This is similar to the spawn command. (See spawn for more info.)
−
  .
+
 
−
make[3]: Leaving directory `/mnt/lfs/sources/gcc-7.2.0/build/i686-lfs-linux-gnu/libgcc'
+
            The -a flag forces output to be logged that was suppressed by the log_user command.
−
make[2]: Leaving directory `/mnt/lfs/sources/gcc-7.2.0/build/i686-lfs-linux-gnu/libgcc'
 
−
make[1]: Leaving directory `/mnt/lfs/sources/gcc-7.2.0/build'
 
  
−
real    63m2.166s
+
            By default, the log_file command appends to old files rather than truncating them, for  the  convenience
−
user    53m41.453s
+
            of  being  able  to  turn  logging off and on multiple times in one session. To truncate files, use the
−
sys    3m11.888s
+
            -noappend flag.
−
lfs@localhost:/mnt/lfs/sources/gcc-7.2.0/build$
 
  
 +
            The -info flag causes log_file to return a description of the most recent non-info arguments given.
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
 +
</i>
 +
</ul>
  
  
−
Time to build glibc:
+
Also from the expect manual page, Expect Hints section:
  
 +
<ul>
 +
<i>
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
 +
EXPECT HINTS
 +
      There are a couple of things about Expect that may be non-intuitive.  This section attempts to address some of
 +
      these things with a couple of suggestions.
  
−
  .
+
      A common expect problem is how to recognize shell prompts. Since these are customized differently by  differ-
−
  .
+
      ently  people and different shells, portably automating rlogin can be difficult without knowing the prompt. A
−
  .
+
      reasonable convention is to have users store a regular expression describing their prompt (in particular,  the
−
-lgcc `i686-lfs-linux-gnu-gcc --print-file-name=crtend.o` /mnt/lfs/sources/glibc-2.26/build/csu/crtn.o
+
      end of it) in the environment variable EXPECT_PROMPT. Code like the following can be used. If EXPECT_PROMPT
−
make[2]: Leaving directory `/mnt/lfs/sources/glibc-2.26/elf'
+
      doesn't exist, the code still has a good chance of functioning correctly.
−
make[1]: Leaving directory `/mnt/lfs/sources/glibc-2.26'
 
  
−
real    41m19.981s
+
          set prompt "(%|#|\\$) $"          ;# default prompt
−
user    32m31.794s
+
          catch {set prompt $env(EXPECT_PROMPT)}
−
sys    5m49.582s
 
  
−
lfs@localhost:/mnt/lfs/sources/glibc-2.26/build$
+
          expect -re $prompt
  
 +
      I encourage you to write expect patterns that include the end of whatever you expect to see.  This avoids  the
 +
      possibility  of  answering a question before seeing the entire thing.  In addition . . .
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
 +
</i>
 +
</ul>
  
  
−
Linux From Scratch chapter 5 has thirty seven sections.  There was not a pressing need or a lot of details Ted found worth noting in most of these sections, the majority of which are dedicated to packages built in the first package building phase of LFS target system creation.  These packages are all built as the user 'lfs', and with the environment variable <code>$LFS</code> set, in our case Ted's case, to <code>/mnt/lfs</code>.
+
The expect program has some built-in string buffers, and one of these may hold the latest characters received from a spawned process.  Here is a man page excerpt which shows use of one of these expect buffers:
  
−
An important instruction to follow from the last section of chapter 5, section 5.37:
+
<ul>
 +
<i>
 +
<pre>
 +
      disconnect
 +
            disconnects a forked process from the terminal.  It continues running in the background.  The process is
 +
            given its own process group (if possible).  Standard I/O is redirected to /dev/null.
  
 +
            The following fragment uses disconnect to continue running the script in the background.
  
−
  " Note
+
                if {[fork]!=0} exit
−
&nbsp;
+
                disconnect
−
    The commands in the remainder of this book must be performed while logged in as user root and no longer as user lfs. Also, double check that $LFS is set in root's environment."
+
                . . .
  
 +
            The following script reads a password, and then runs a program every hour that demands a  password  each
 +
            time  it is run.  The script supplies the password so that you only have to type it once.  (See the stty
 +
            command which demonstrates how to turn off password echoing.)
  
 +
                send_user "password?\ "
 +
                expect_user -re "(.*)\n"
 +
                for {} 1 {} {
 +
                    if {[fork]!=0} {sleep 3600;continue}
 +
                    disconnect
 +
                    spawn priv_prog
 +
                    expect Password:
 +
                    send "$expect_out(1,string)\r"
 +
                    . . .
 +
                    exit
 +
                }
 +
</pre>
 +
</i>
 +
</ul>
  
−
<!-- comment -->
 
  
−
=== [[#top|^]] LFS 8.1 chapter 6.5 - create new system directories ===
+
Further looking for expect's built-in string buffers and variables . . .
  
−
Some captured terminal work, following steps in LFS 8.1 book, chapter 6.5:
+
*  http://wiki.tcl.tk/17378
  
−
<i>Figure x - creating some of first directories in new LFS system, following chroot . . .</i>
+
Pattern matching syntax in Don Libe's expect . . .
  
−
<pre>
+
*  http://www.embecosm.com/appnotes/ean8/html/ch03s02s01.html
  
−
I have no name!:/# ls
+
*  https://www.pantz.org/software/expect/expect_examples_and_tips.html . . . some timing stuff and <b>expect script blocks</b>
−
dev  lost+found  proc  run  sources  sys  tools
 
  
−
I have no name!:/# mkdir -pv /{bin,boot,etc/{opt,sysconfig},home,lib/firmware,mnt,opt}
+
*  http://www.asic-world.com/scripting/tcl3.html . . . regex in Tcl must enclose pattern in braces.
−
mkdir: created directory '/bin'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/boot'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/etc'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/etc/opt'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/etc/sysconfig'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/home'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/lib'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/lib/firmware'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/mnt'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/opt'
 
  
−
I have no name!:/# mkdir -pv /{media/{floppy,cdrom},sbin,srv,var}
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/media'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/media/floppy'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/media/cdrom'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/sbin'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/srv'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/var'
 
  
−
I have no name!:/# install -dv -m 0750 /root
 
−
install: creating directory '/root'
 
  
−
I have no name!:/# install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp
+
From another source, Tcl's string match command:
−
install: creating directory '/tmp'
 
−
install: creating directory '/var/tmp'
 
  
−
I have no name!:/# mkdir -pv /usr/{,local}{bin,include,lib,sbin,src}
+
if [string match "f*b*" "foobar"] {
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr'
+
    puts "match"
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/bin'
+
else {
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/include'
+
    puts "no match"
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/lib'
+
}
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/sbin'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/src'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/localbin'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/localinclude'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/locallib'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/localsbin'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/localsrc'
 
  
−
I have no name!:/#
 
  
−
</pre>
 
  
 +
<!-- comment -->
  
−
LFS 8.1 book explains that the "I have no name!" results from there not yet being a <code>/etc/passwd</code> file in the new LFS system.  Continuing the terminal capture to illustrate bash shell's pattern expansion from curly braced text:
+
=== <i>[[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] edit point - Tool command language Tcl </i> ===
  
  
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
 +
"Practical programming
 +
in Tcl and Tk"
 +
ISBN 0-13-038560-3
 +
</pre>
 +
 +
 +
In using Don Libes' <code>expect</code> utility or program, looks like it will be important and helpful to understand Tool Command Language Tcl to at least some fluency.  Here appears to be a good starting point tutorial for Tcl:
 +
 +
*  https://www.tutorialspoint.com/tcl-tk/tcl_commands.htm
  
−
I have no name!:/# mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{color,dict,doc,info,locale,man}
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/share'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/share/color'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/share/dict'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/share/doc'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/share/info'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/share/locale'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/share/man'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/local'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/local/share'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/local/share/color'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/local/share/dict'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/local/share/doc'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/local/share/info'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/local/share/locale'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/local/share/man'
 
  
−
I have no name!:/# mkdir -v  /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
+
Tcl <code>puts</code> built-in command, channels and code to open log file,
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/share/misc'
+
*  https://www.tcl.tk/man/tcl8.4/TclCmd/puts.htm
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/share/terminfo'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/share/zoneinfo'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/local/share/misc'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/local/share/terminfo'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/local/share/zoneinfo'
 
  
−
I have no name!:/# mkdir -v  /usr/libexec
+
<pre>
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/libexec'
+
Append a log message to a file:
  
−
I have no name!:/# mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}
+
set chan [open my.log a]
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/share/man/man1'
+
set timestamp [clock format [clock seconds]]
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/share/man/man2'
+
puts $chan "$timestamp - Hello, World!"
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/share/man/man3'
+
close $chan
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/share/man/man4'
+
</pre>
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/share/man/man5'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/share/man/man6'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/share/man/man7'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/share/man/man8'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/local/share/man/man1'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/local/share/man/man2'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/local/share/man/man3'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/local/share/man/man4'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/local/share/man/man5'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/local/share/man/man6'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/local/share/man/man7'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/usr/local/share/man/man8'
 
−
I have no name!:/#
 
  
−
I have no name!:/# mkdir -v /var/{log,mail,spool}
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/var/log'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/var/mail'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/var/spool'
 
  
−
I have no name!:/# ln -sv /run /var/run
+
Tcl regular expressions:
−
'/var/run' -> '/run'
 
  
−
I have no name!:/# ln -sv /run/lock /var/lock
+
*  https://www.tcl.tk/man/tcl8.2.3/TclCmd/re_syntax.htm
−
'/var/lock' -> '/run/lock'
 
  
−
I have no name!:/# mkdir -pv /var/{opt,cache,lib/{color,misc,locate},local}
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/var/opt'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/var/cache'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/var/lib'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/var/lib/color'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/var/lib/misc'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/var/lib/locate'
 
−
mkdir: created directory '/var/local'
 
  
−
I have no name!:/#
+
Tcl reserved words:
  
 +
<pre>
 +
after append array auto_execok
 +
auto_import auto_load auto_load_index auto_qualify
 +
binary Bgerror break catch
 +
cd Clock close concat
 +
continue Dde default else
 +
elseif Encoding eof error
 +
eval Exec exit expr
 +
fblocked Fconfigure fcopy file
 +
fileevent Flush for foreach
 +
format Gets glob global
 +
history If info interp
 +
join Lappend lindex linsert
 +
list Llength load lrange
 +
lreplace Lsearch lsort namespace
 +
open Package pid pkg_mkIndex
 +
proc Puts pwd read
 +
regexp Regsub rename resource
 +
return Scan seek set
 +
socket Source split string
 +
subst Switch tclLog tell
 +
time Trace unknown unset
 +
update Uplevel upvar variable
 +
vwait While
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
  
  
  
−
=== [[#top|^]] LFS 8.1 chapter 6.6 - create essential files and syminks ===
+
<!-- comment -->
−
<br />
+
 
−
The purpose of the following symbolic links are explained in [http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/view/stable/chapter06/createfiles.html LFS 8.1 book chapter 6.6]:
+
=== <i>[[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] edit point - Tcl pattern matching and anchoring, symbols ^ and $ wrt data not lines</i> ===
  
 +
From the Tcl manual page on-line here is a clue about pattern matching in Tcl scripts, which may explain why we are struggling to obtain matched substrings from sequences of bytes from expect-spawned processes . . .
  
 +
<ul>
 +
<i>
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
 +
    Note that in many editors, the ^ and $ match the beginning and end of lines respectively. However, because expect is not line oriented, these characters match the beginning and end of the data (as opposed to lines) currently in the expect matching buffer. (Also, see the note below on "system indigestion.")
 +
</pre>
 +
</i>
 +
</ul>
 +
  
−
I have no name!:/# # LFS book 8.1, chapter 6.6 . . .
+
Tcl regular expression syntax:
  
−
I have no name!:/# ln -sv /tools/bin/{bash,cat,dd,echo,ln,pwd,rm,stty} /bin
+
*  https://www.tcl.tk/man/tcl8.2.3/TclCmd/re_syntax.htm#M57
−
'/bin/bash' -> '/tools/bin/bash'
 
−
'/bin/cat' -> '/tools/bin/cat'
 
−
'/bin/dd' -> '/tools/bin/dd'
 
−
'/bin/echo' -> '/tools/bin/echo'
 
−
'/bin/ln' -> '/tools/bin/ln'
 
−
'/bin/pwd' -> '/tools/bin/pwd'
 
−
'/bin/rm' -> '/tools/bin/rm'
 
−
'/bin/stty' -> '/tools/bin/stty'
 
  
−
I have no name!:/# ln -sv /tools/bin/{install,perl} /usr/bin
 
−
'/usr/bin/install' -> '/tools/bin/install'
 
−
'/usr/bin/perl' -> '/tools/bin/perl'
 
  
−
I have no name!:/# ln -sv /tools/lib/libgcc_s.so{,.1} /usr/lib
+
Expect variables, using global and upvar keywords in Tcl scripts:
−
'/usr/lib/libgcc_s.so' -> '/tools/lib/libgcc_s.so'
 
−
'/usr/lib/libgcc_s.so.1' -> '/tools/lib/libgcc_s.so.1'
 
  
−
I have no name!:/# ln -sv /tools/lib/libstdc++.{a,so{,.6}} /usr/lib
+
*  http://www.huecker.com/msw/tcl/tutorial/Tcl13.shtml
−
'/usr/lib/libstdc++.a' -> '/tools/lib/libstdc++.a'
 
−
'/usr/lib/libstdc++.so' -> '/tools/lib/libstdc++.so'
 
−
'/usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6' -> '/tools/lib/libstdc++.so.6'
 
  
−
I have no name!:/# sed 's/tools/usr/' /tools/lib/libstdc++.la > /usr/lib/libstdc++.la
 
  
−
I have no name!:/# ln -sv bash /bin/sh
+
Excerpt on Tcl pattern matching from Inguza web site:
−
'/bin/sh' -> 'bash'
 
  
−
I have no name!:/#
+
<pre>
 +
2  Expect
 +
The expect suite actually consist just of a few commands: expect, send, spawn and interact and is an extension to TCL.
 +
Before the expect command can be used a program must be spawned, see expect commands below.
 +
expect \
 +
  {match1} {action1} \
 +
  {match2} {action2} \
 +
  {match3} {action3} \
 +
  {match4} {action4}
 +
It is possible that no such output is encountered within the time period defined by the timeout (variable name "timeout" in seconds, default to 2). In this case expect stops waiting and continues with the next command in the script.
 +
You can use '*' to match any characters. You can also match using [] syntax and similar.
 +
expect "\[a-f0-9]"  ; # strongly preferred as \n and similar is not taken as litteral charactesr \ and n.
 +
expect {a-f0-9}    ; # can also be used
 +
A note on \ characters. The pattern matcher translate \x to x but this is done once before the pattern matcher. So you need to type \\n to match n. This is especially important for * and ? characters.
 +
expect "*" ;# match anything (*)
 +
expect "\n" ;# match linefeed
 +
expect "\*" ;# match anything
 +
expect "\\*" ;# match * character
 +
expect "\\\*" ;# match * character
 +
expect "\\\\*" ;# match \ followed by anything
 +
expect "\\\\\*" ;# match \ followed by anything
 +
expect "\\\\\\*" ;# match \ followed * character
 +
The [ character is special to both tcl and the pattern matcher so it is especially messy.
 +
proc xy {} { return "n*w" }
 +
expect "[xy]" ;# match n followed by anything followed by w
 +
expect "\[xy]" ;# match x or y
 +
expect "\\[xy]" ;# match n followed by anything followed by w
 +
expect "\\\[xy]" ;# match [xy]
 +
expect "\\\\[xy]" ;# match \ followed by n followed ...
 +
expect "\\\\\[xy]" ;# match sequence of \ and then x or y.
 +
The expect command can also take flags. The default flag is -gl for glob pattern matching. It can also take the flag -re for regular expression matching.
 +
expect {
 +
  -re "a*" { action_when_a_followed_by_any_a }
 +
  "b*" { action_when_b_followed_by_anything }
 +
  -gl "-re" { action_when_real_dash_r_e }
 +
  eof { action_on_end_of_file }
 +
  timeout { action_on_command_timeout }
 +
  default { action_on_command_timeout_or_eof }
 +
  -re "(abc)*" { action_on_any_number_of_a_b_c }
 +
  -re "-?(0|\[1-9]\[0-9]*)?\\.?\[0-9]*" { action_on_float_or_integer }
 +
}
 +
You can also pass the pattern as a variable.
 +
set v2pats "pat2 act2"
 +
set v3pats "pat3 act3"
 +
expect pat1 act1 $v2pats $v3pats
 +
Observe that the following expect string is wrong as $v2pats and $v3pats is considered as two different arguments. It will try to match $v2pats as a pattern and $v3pats as an action. Instead build up a string and use the -brace flag. You can not use double quotes for that though, unless you use eval and then the -brace flag is not necessary. You also need to protect the pattern and action inside a [list x] or an extra brace if they contain whitespaces.
 +
2.1  Parentheses for feedback
 +
In the previous section, parantheses were used to group subpatterns together. They can also play another role. When a regular expression successfully matches a string each part of the string that matches a paranthensized subpattern is stored in "expect_out(1,string)" the second in "expect_out(2,string)" etc up to "expect_out(9,string)". The entire pattern matched is stored in "expect_out(0,string)". Everthing before the pattern and the pattern matched is stored in "expect_out(buffer)". The last two assignments work in glob pattern too.
 +
"a*((ab)*|b)"
 +
How is this passed to expect_out? It is quite simple. The entire string withing the first parenthesis is stored in 1 (which means up to end of string). The second fount parenthesis is stored in 2. Look for the left parenthesis to determine where the data is put.
 +
2.2  Flags
 +
-re
 +
-gl
 +
-nocase Ignore case. Do not use -nocase with uppercase characters in the pattern as it will never match.
 +
-notransfer Prevent expect from removing matching characters from the internal buffer. The characters can be matched repeatedly as long as this option is associated with the pattern. It can be abbreviated with "-n" when expect is running interactively.
 +
-brace Expect normally see the first argument as a pattern to match, but sometimes you want to give a list of patterns and actions to expect. You can then use -brace to expand the list before it is handled by expect.
 +
expect -brace { pat1 act1 pat2 act2 }
 +
This can be useful when building up lists of pattern to match with corresponding actions to do.
 +
-i n Use an alternative spawn_id. This applies to all patterns after the -i flag.
 +
expect {
 +
-i $ftp
 +
"ftp>" "exit"
 +
eof "exit"
 +
}
 +
You can also expect values from multiple spawned processes at the same time. At most one action can be executed just as expect normally do.
 +
expect {
 +
-i $ftp "ftp> " { ftp_action }
 +
-i $shell $prompt { shell_action }
 +
}
 +
There is an input buffer associated with each spawn id. So any output from ftp is kept separate from thta of the shell in the example above. When output appear on terminal it will be mixed, unless you expect one at a time or set log_user 0 and then wrote output explictly using send_user $expect_out(buffer). The process that did not match will keep its buffer until matched by next expect command.
 +
When the expect command match something it record the spawn_id to expect_out(spawn_id) so you can know which process that it matched against.
 +
You can also set the spawn_id definition to a list of spawn_ids.
 +
expect {
 +
  -i "$host1 $host2 $host3" $prompt {
 +
    an_action $expect_out(spawn_id)
 +
  }
 +
  eof exit
 +
  -i $host1 another_pattern {host1_action}
 +
}
 +
This example will do an_action if $prompt is matched agains any of the $hostnr, exit if end of file is matched against same list and do host1_action if matchina another_pattern from host1.
 +
2.3  Special patterns
 +
Note that these patcherns will only match if none of the '-gl', '-re' or '-ex' flags has been used.
 +
eof Match when end of file is reached.
 +
timeout Match when the timeout value has been reached.
 +
default Match when end of file or timeout is reached.
 +
full_buffer Match when no other pattern match and expect would otherwise throw away part of the input to make room fore more. When this matches, all of the unmatched input is moved to expect_out(buffer).
 +
null
 +
By default null characters are removed from the buffer before expect matching is done. This can be disabled using the remove_nulls command below. If it is disabled null characters will be matched using this special keyword. Null characters can not be matched inside a pattern as expect first look for null characters and then do pattern matching. If a null character is found the characters before it is skilled. These caracters can be found in expect_out(buffer).
 +
Since the null character is used internally to represent the end of a string unanchored patterns cannot be matched past a null. This is not a problem since null pattern can always be listed last.
  
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
  
  
 +
<!-- comment -->
  
−
=== [[#top|^]] Uses of patch during LFS 8.1 chapter 5 ===
+
=== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] Rust programming language ===
  
−
<br />
+
There are two editions of the Rust Programming book.  The Rust home page recommends to start by reading the second edition:
−
Ted noting that as of 2017 later summer, among the Linux From Scratch 8.1 packages there are six which download with associated patch files.  These patches are important to apply after un-archiving given package, and before preparing to compile given package:
+
*  https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/second-edition/
  
 +
*  https://doc.rust-lang.org/nomicon/
  
−
<pre>
 
  
−
root:/sources# # Working in LFS 8.1 chapter 6.22, Installation of Pkg-config
+
=== [[#top|^]] C programming notes ===
  
−
root:/sources# ls *.patch
+
This section really should be in a more prominent space of this wiki.  - TMH
−
bash-4.4-upstream_fixes-1.patch  coreutils-8.27-i18n-1.patch  kbd-2.0.4-backspace-1.patch
 
−
bzip2-1.0.6-install_docs-1.patch glibc-2.26-fhs-1.patch      sysvinit-2.88dsf-consolidated-1.patch
 
  
−
root:/sources#
+
This section contains link to Brian Barto post about Untangling Complex C Declarations.  Click here -> [[c_programming_notes|C programming notes]] <- for separate wiki article.
  
−
</pre>
+
Typedef and type defining function pointers:
  
 +
<ul>
 +
*  2019-06-11 https://www.learncpp.com/cpp-tutorial/78-function-pointers/
 +
</ul>
  
−
Uses of patch during LFS 8.1 chapter 5 system build steps:
+
CRC types and implementations:
  
−
<pre>
+
<ul>
 +
*  https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10564491/function-to-calculate-a-crc16-checksum
 +
</ul>
  
−
lfs@localhost:/mnt/lfs$ history | grep patch
+
Floating point representation and conversions:
−
  31  ls *patch
 
−
  36  vi glibc-2.26-fhs-1.patch
 
−
  45  patch -Np1 -i ../glibc-2.26-fhs-1.patch
 
−
  194  history | grep patch
 
−
  195  patch -Np1 -i ../bash-4.4-upstream_fixes-1.patch
 
−
  218  history | grep patch
 
−
  219  patch -Np1 -i ../bzip2-1.0.6-install_docs-1.patch
 
−
  228  patch -Np1 -i ../coreutils-8.27-i18n-1.patch
 
−
  364  unxz patch-2.7.5.tar.xz
 
−
  365  tar xvf patch-2.7.5.tar
 
−
  367  cd patch-2.7.5
 
−
  373  mv patch-2.7.5 z--set-aside/
 
−
  501  history | grep patch
 
  
−
lfs@localhost:/mnt/lfs$
+
<ul>
 +
*  http://www.ryanjuckett.com/programming/printing-floating-point-numbers/
  
−
</pre>
+
<span id="to_untangle_c_declarations"></span> <span id="untangling_complex_c_delcarations"></span>
 +
C programmatic reference and dereference rules, dereferencing pointers and pointer expressions:
 +
*  https://medium.com/@bartobri/untangling-complex-c-declarations-9b6a0cf88c96  <i>"I liked this post about untangling complicated pointer declarations and operators - T.D."</i>
 +
</ul>
  
  
 +
2021-11-03
 +
*  https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.47.1127&rep=rep1&type=pdf
  
 
<!-- comment -->
 
<!-- comment -->
  
−
=== [[#top|^]] <i>&nbsp; &nbsp; Aside: &nbsp;LFS 8.1 chapter 6.9 - glibc-2.26 programs and libraries</i> ===
+
=== [[#top|^]] C++ references ===
  
−
Really interesting section of the LFS 8.1 book here, chapter 6.9, which describes some of the utilities which come with GNU C library project.  Quoting this book these utilities include "catchsegv, gencat, getconf, getent, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig, ldd, lddlibc4, locale, localedef, makedb, mtrace, nscd, pldd, sln, sotruss, sprof, tzselect, xtrace, zdump, and zic".
+
This section contains beginning level C++ issues and references. Section here created by need to note some Qt5 related project elements, as Qt is based on C++. First issue is to understand and document how to implement a QDialog object to act as a sensible dialog box, which can post run-time data to a larger Qt based application.  The first reference below mentions QDialog built-in class functions exec(), accept() and reject(), which appear to be the means to start and show, and to close out a Qt based dialog box . . .
  
 +
<ul>
 +
*  https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12470806/qdialog-exec-and-getting-result-value
 +
</ul>
  
−
*  [http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/lfs/view/stable/chapter06/glibc.html glibc-2.26 programs and libraries]
+
Per help index in QtCreator 3.2.1:
  
 +
<i>
 +
<pre>
 +
void QDialog::accept() [virtual slot]
 +
Hides the modal dialog and sets the result code to Accepted.
 +
 +
See also reject() and done().
 +
</pre>
 +
</i>
  
−
Here is a snippet of last lines of `make check` on glibc-2.26 package:
 
  
 +
The Qt method <code>done()</code> performs more significant work and at least in cases of a dialog being shown with a call to <code>exec()</code> the done() method stops dialog event loop execution:
  
 +
<i>
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
 +
void QDialog::done(int r) [virtual slot]
 +
Closes the dialog and sets its result code to r. If this dialog is shown with exec(), done() causes the local event loop to finish, and exec() to return r.
  
−
scripts/merge-test-results.sh -t /sources/glibc-2.26/build/ subdir-tests.sum \
+
As with QWidget::close(), done() deletes the dialog if the Qt::WA_DeleteOnClose flag is set. If the dialog is the application's main widget, the application terminates. If the dialog is the last window closed, the QApplication::lastWindowClosed() signal is emitted.
−
  . argp assert catgets conform crypt csu ctype debug dirent dlfcn elf gmon gnulib grp gshadow hesiod iconv iconvdata inet intl io libidn libio locale localedata login malloc manual math mathvec misc nis nptl nptl_db nscd nss po posix pwd resolv resource rt setjmp shadow signal socket stdio-common stdlib streams string sunrpc support sysvipc termios time timezone wcsmbs wctype \
 
−
  > /sources/glibc-2.26/build/tests.sum
 
−
XPASS: elf/tst-protected1a
 
−
XPASS: elf/tst-protected1b
 
−
UNSUPPORTED: io/tst-open-tmpfile
 
−
UNSUPPORTED: nptl/test-cond-printers
 
−
UNSUPPORTED: nptl/test-condattr-printers
 
−
UNSUPPORTED: nptl/test-mutex-printers
 
−
UNSUPPORTED: nptl/test-mutexattr-printers
 
−
UNSUPPORTED: nptl/test-rwlock-printers
 
−
UNSUPPORTED: nptl/test-rwlockattr-printers
 
−
FAIL: posix/tst-getaddrinfo4
 
−
FAIL: posix/tst-getaddrinfo5
 
−
UNSUPPORTED: stdlib/tst-getrandom
 
−
Summary of test results:
 
−
      2 FAIL
 
−
  4108 PASS
 
−
      8 UNSUPPORTED
 
−
    29 XFAIL
 
−
      2 XPASS
 
−
make[1]: *** [Makefile:304: tests] Error 1
 
−
make[1]: Leaving directory '/sources/glibc-2.26'
 
−
make: *** [Makefile:9: check] Error 2
 
  
−
real    116m41.448s
+
See also accept(), reject(), QApplication::activeWindow(), and QApplication::quit().
−
user    72m16.311s
+
</pre>
−
sys    21m0.223s
+
</i>
  
−
</pre>
 
  
 +
So it looks like if we do not call done() then we want to assure that we call exec() only one time during a use session of GWN Unified Tester.  - TMH
  
  
 
<!-- comment -->
 
<!-- comment -->
 +
2019-10-28 Monday:
 +
G++ error, "template has C linkage":
  
−
=== [[#top|^]] LFS 8.1 chapter 6.10 - adjusting toolchain, respecting new glibc ===
+
*  https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4877705/why-cant-templates-be-within-extern-c-blocks
 +
 
 +
2019-10-30 Wednesday:
 +
The purposes and use of extern "C" . . .
 +
<ul>
 +
*  https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1041866/what-is-the-effect-of-extern-c-in-c
 +
</ul>
  
−
Chapter 6.10 -
 
  
−
<pre>
 
  
−
root:/sources/glibc-2.26/build# mv -v /tools/bin/{ld,ld-old}
+
<!-- comment -->
−
'/tools/bin/ld' -> '/tools/bin/ld-old'
 
  
−
root:/sources/glibc-2.26/build# mv -v /tools/$(uname -m)-pc-linux-gnu/bin/{ld,ld-old}
+
== - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - - ==
−
'/tools/i686-pc-linux-gnu/bin/ld' -> '/tools/i686-pc-linux-gnu/bin/ld-old'
 
  
−
root:/sources/glibc-2.26/build# mv -v /tools/bin/{ld-new,ld}
 
−
'/tools/bin/ld-new' -> '/tools/bin/ld'
 
  
−
root:/sources/glibc-2.26/build# ln -sv /tools/bin/ld /tools/$(uname -m)-pc-linux-gnu/bin/ld
 
−
'/tools/i686-pc-linux-gnu/bin/ld' -> '/tools/bin/ld'
 
  
−
root:/sources/glibc-2.26/build#
+
<!-- comment -->
  
−
</pre>
+
<!-- SECTION - Aboriginal Linux -->
  
 +
== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] Aboriginal Linux - project now defunct, new project is 'makeroot' ==
  
  
−
<!-- comment -->
+
Ok, looks like Robert Landley's [https://landley.net/aboriginal/about.html Aboriginal Linux] project has been superceded by [http://landley.net/aboriginal/ mkroot].  Ladnley's newer makeroot project sources are available at GitHub:
  
−
=== [[#top|^]] LFS 8.1 chapter 6.16 - <font color="red">binutils-2.29 requires 4.2 GB disk space!</font> ===
 
  
−
<br />
+
*  [https://github.com/landley/mkroot makeroot project on GitHub]
−
Ok we've run into a too small partition for our root LFS file system.  7.6GB was not sufficient, though in an early chapter (chapter 2 or 3 of the LFS 8.1 book) Ted recalls there being word that a partition between five (5) and ten (10) GB would typically be sufficient to compile and install all Linux From Scratch programs.  Ted now looking to re-partitioning software options under Linux . . .
 
  
−
Ok, got the partition resized, and then the file system on the root LFS partition resized too.  Took a few notes and command line captures, which are in the wiki page titled [[resize_partition_and_file_system|Resize partition and file system]].
 
  
−
Moving on and building binutils-2.29, found two tests to fail during the mandatory `make -k check` step. Failures noted here in case there are problems in later steps of the LFS 8.1 system build process:
+
Having trouble carrying out the basic build of Aboriginal Linux with armv6l as target . . .
  
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
  
−
make  check-TESTS
+
  .
−
make[5]: Entering directory '/sources/binutils-2.29/build/gold/testsuite'
+
  .
−
make[6]: Entering directory '/sources/binutils-2.29/build/gold/testsuite'
+
  .
−
PASS: incremental_test.sh
+
 
−
PASS: gc_comdat_test.sh
+
Confirmed e2fsprogs-1.42.13.tar.gz
−
PASS: gc_tls_test.sh
+
Confirmed zlib-1.2.7.tar.bz2
−
PASS: gc_orphan_section_test.sh
+
Confirmed squashfs-4.2.tar.gz
−
PASS: pr14265.sh
+
=== Got all source.
−
PASS: pr20717.sh
+
 
−
PASS: gc_dynamic_list_test.sh
+
real    0m2.240s
−
PASS: icf_test.sh
+
user    0m1.188s
−
PASS: icf_keep_unique_test.sh
+
sys    0m0.176s
−
PASS: icf_safe_test.sh
+
=== toybox (host host-tools)
−
PASS: icf_safe_pie_test.sh
+
Snapshot 'toybox'...
−
FAIL: icf_safe_so_test.sh
+
scripts/genconfig.sh
−
PASS: final_layout.sh
+
cc -o kconfig/conf kconfig/conf.c kconfig/zconf.tab.c -DKBUILD_NO_NLS=1 \
−
PASS: text_section_grouping.sh
+
                -DPROJECT_NAME=\"ToyBox\"
−
PASS: section_sorting_name.sh
+
kconfig/conf -D /dev/null Config.in > /dev/null
−
PASS: icf_preemptible_functions_test.sh
+
scripts/make.sh
−
PASS: icf_string_merge_test.sh
+
Generate headers from toys/*/*.c...
−
PASS: icf_sht_rel_addend_test.sh
+
generated/newtoys.h Library probe.......
−
PASS: merge_string_literals.sh
+
Make generated/config.h from .config.
−
PASS: eh_test_2.sh
+
generated/flags.h generated/globals.h generated/help.h
−
PASS: two_file_shared.sh
+
Compile toybox................................................................................................................................................................generated/obj/nsenter.o: In function `unshare_main':
−
PASS: weak_plt.sh
+
nsenter.c:(.text.unshare_main+0x152): undefined reference to `setns'
−
PASS: copy_test_protected.sh
+
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
−
PASS: tls_pie_test.sh
+
make: *** [toybox] Error 1
−
PASS: i386_mov_to_lea.sh
+
 
−
PASS: file_in_many_sections_test.sh
+
Exiting due to errors (host host-tools toybox)
−
FAIL: debug_msg.sh
 
  
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
 +
 +
*  [http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/setns.2.html Linux kernel routine to setns()]
  
  
−
Ted noting that the second failure is noted in LFS 8.1 as a known failure, and doesn't break the overall process or target system building.
+
Robert Landley also has a presence on [https://www.patreon.com/landley www.patreon.com/landley], where he talks about the over-arching goals in his programming and software systems level work.
  
  
Line 902: Line 1,482:
 
<!-- comment -->
 
<!-- comment -->
  
−
=== [[#top|^]] LFS 8.1 chapter 6.20, gcc-7-2-.0 ===
+
<!-- SECTION - Linux From Scratch 8.1 - Separate Article -->
 +
 
 +
== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] Linux From Scratch (Separate Article) ==
 +
 
 +
[[LFS-book-8p1-notes|Linux From Scratch Book 8.1 - Build and Notes]]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
<!-- comment -->
 +
 
 +
<!-- SECTION - QEMU Emulator -->
 +
 
 +
== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] QEMU Emulator ==
 +
 
 +
<b>Overview</b>
 +
 
 +
Notes on QEMU, an emulator which can help with building and configuring Linux systems to run on embedded computers and development boards. Ted noting 2017-09-08 that to compile today's latest QEMU source, a 2.10.x release, needed to install Debian stretch packages pkg-config, libglib2.0-dev, dhautoreconf.  Here are some links to downloading QEMU project sources, a manual for using QEMU, and an article about emulating a RaspberryPi system by using QEMU:
 +
 
 +
 
 +
<b>References:</b>
  
 +
*  [https://www.qemu.org/download/#source QEMU Emulator, source code download site]
 +
*  [https://qemu.weilnetz.de/doc/qemu-doc.html QEMU manual]
 +
*  [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/QEMU/Images How to invoke qemu and give it image to run as operating system]
  
−
Ted noting that after compiling gcc using the new LFS tools from chapter 5, a check that the new gcc of chapter 6 sees correct header files gives slightly lesser results than what's in chapter 6.20.  The book and chapter say to expect,
+
QEMU to emulate Arm on Linux . . .
 +
* [https://gist.github.com/Liryna/10710751 Emulating ARM on Ubuntu and Debian]
 +
*  [http://embedonix.com/articles/linux/emulating-raspberry-pi-on-linux/ Emulating Raspberry Pi under Linux, Embedonix article]
 +
*  [https://medicineyeh.wordpress.com/2016/03/29/buildup-your-arm-image-for-qemu/ Medicineyeh - Build your Arm image for QEMU]
  
 +
How to avoid "raw image format" warning . . .
 +
*  https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/276480/booting-a-raw-disk-image-in-qemu
 +
 +
 +
 +
So got QEMU 2.10.0 sources and dependencies installed, ran `configure` and `make` steps, and let the build process run for an hour or two.  But in the end could not find any `qemu` executable.  Why is the emulator itself apparently missing?  Building latest QEMU under Linux . . .
 +
 +
*  [https://wiki.qemu.org/Hosts/Linux Building QEMU on Linux type hosts]
 +
 +
 +
So I'm following the above article author's typical build steps, and run into this message part-way down those steps, at the step of calling `make`:
  
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
−
#include <...> search starts here:
+
user@host-6:~/Downloads/qemu/qemu-2.10.0/bin/debug/native$ make
−
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/7.2.0/include
+
Makefile:21: *** This is an out of tree build but your source tree (/home/veris/Downloads/qemu/qemu-2.10.0) seems to have been used for an in-tree build. You can fix this by running "make distclean && rm -rf *-linux-user *-softmmu" in your source tree.  Stop.
−
/usr/local/include
+
user@host-6:~/Downloads/qemu/qemu-2.10.0/bin/debug/native$
−
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/7.2.0/include-fixed
 
−
/usr/include
 
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
  
  
−
But on our i686 host Ted obtains from the same post-gcc-build test:
+
Ok interesting, I know that QEMU is a complicated project with a complex build process, but clearly I don't know what I'm doing.  Following the above 'distclean' command given in the error message from QEMU's makefile, I'm now able to begin an "out of tree" build as described in the "Building QEMU" article at qemu.org just above.  Tired already however of QEMU project builds taking more than an hour to complete.  Here is one of many articles describing how to invoke `make` to build only limited parts of QEMU project, for example just the pieces needed to emulate ARM type systems:
  
 +
 +
*  [https://www.cnx-software.com/2012/03/08/how-to-build-qemu-system-arm-in-linux/ Build qemu-system-arm on Linux host]
 +
 +
 +
Ted to test this type of build soon . . .
 +
 +
On a different note, QEMU build has completed and the stock RaspberryPi Debian "Stretch" image is coming up.  Needed to install a VNC client to interact with the emulated RaspberryPi operating and software, stored in the downloaded .img file from Rpi's web site.  Here's a link to a forum post which clued Ted into Remmina VNC client:
 +
 +
 +
*  [https://www.quora.com/How-could-I-connect-to-a-VNC-server-running-on-1-5900 Quora dot com, connect to VNC server]
 +
 +
 +
 +
- 2017-11-21 Tuesday -
 +
 +
The version of qemu which installed from Debian's package list didn't seem to work.  It's been some weeks now since trying that instance, but qemu 2.10.0 works to bring up a command line image built for RaspberryPi.  Here are the versions of the two qemu instances:
 +
 +
<i>Figure x - locating qemu instances, determining their versions</i>
  
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
−
root:/sources/gcc-7.2.0/build# grep -B4 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log
+
 
−
#include "..." search starts here:
+
user@localhost:~$ which qemu
−
#include <...> search starts here:
+
/usr/bin/qemu
−
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/7.2.0/include
+
 
−
/usr/lib/gcc/i686-pc-linux-gnu/7.2.0/include-fixed
+
user@localhost:~$ /usr/bin/qemu --version
−
/usr/include
+
QEMU emulator version 1.1.2 (Debian 1.1.2+dfsg-6+deb7u23), Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
−
root:/sources/gcc-7.2.0/build#
+
 
 +
user@localhost:~$ ls /opt/qemu
 +
qemu-system-arm
 +
 
 +
user@localhost:~$ ls -l /opt/qemu/qemu-system-arm
 +
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 83 Sep 12 16:37 /opt/qemu/qemu-system-arm -> /home/user/Downloads/qemu/qemu-2.10.0/bin/debug/native/arm-softmmu/qemu-system-arm
 +
 
 +
user@localhost:~$ /opt/qemu/qemu-system-arm --version
 +
QEMU emulator version 2.10.0
 +
Copyright (c) 2003-2017 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers
 +
 
 +
user@localhost:~
 +
 
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
  
  
−
We're missing <code>/usr/local/include</code> among gcc's search paths.  Not sure why, nor whether this is a deal breaker going forward with the LFS 8.1 build - TMH
 
  
 +
- 2017-11-22 Wednesday -
 +
 +
Yesterday could not bring up raspbian image in qemu, same image which booted and appeared, and permitted shell based login and shell use a month ago on the local host.  Looking at a new on-line reference for running raspbian images in qemu:
 +
 +
 +
  *  https://ownyourbits.com/2017/02/06/raspbian-on-qemu-with-network-access/
  
−
<!-- comment -->
 
  
−
=== [[#top|^]] LFS 8.1 chapter 6.21 ===
+
This above article looks really interesting, appears to go to a second installment of the article where the developers there are building some kind of cloud-based or cloud involved web, database, mail and PHP servers. But on my end having trouble with a kernel panic this morning when invoking qemu-system-arm with a large set of options . . . ok, just located a different invocation of qemu-system-arm version 2.10.0, noting here in following code figure:
  
−
To better understand Posix regular expressions, Ted to return and look at differences between old and amended versions of bzip2 makefile here in LFS 8.1 chapter 6.21 . . .
 
  
 +
<i>Figure x - emulate-rpi shell script</i>
  
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
  
−
root:/sources/bzip2-1.0.6# patch -Np1 -i ../bzip2-1.0.6-install_docs-1.patch
+
#!/bin/bash
−
patching file Makefile
+
# Starts raspberry pi image in configuration mode
−
root:/sources/bzip2-1.0.6# sed -i 's@\(ln -s -f \)$(PREFIX)/bin/@\1@' Makefile
+
 
−
root:/sources/bzip2-1.0.6# cp Makefile makefile-before
+
 
−
root:/sources/bzip2-1.0.6# sed -i "s@(PREFIX)/man@(PREFIX)/share/man@g" Makefile
+
##----------------------------------------------------------------------
−
root:/sources/bzip2-1.0.6# diff makefile-before Makefile
+
## - SECTION - script variables
−
Makefile            Makefile-libbz2_so 
+
##----------------------------------------------------------------------
−
root:/sources/bzip2-1.0.6# diff makefile-before Makefile
+
 
−
75,76c75,76
+
EMULATOR=/home/veris/Downloads/qemu/qemu-2.10.0/bin/debug/native/arm-softmmu/qemu-system-arm
−
<      if ( test ! -d $(PREFIX)/man ) ; then mkdir -p $(PREFIX)/man ; fi
+
 
−
<      if ( test ! -d $(PREFIX)/man/man1 ) ; then mkdir -p $(PREFIX)/man/man1 ; fi
+
 
−
---
+
 
−
>      if ( test ! -d $(PREFIX)/share/man ) ; then mkdir -p $(PREFIX)/share/man ; fi
+
##----------------------------------------------------------------------
−
>      if ( test ! -d $(PREFIX)/share/man/man1 ) ; then mkdir -p $(PREFIX)/share/man/man1 ; fi
+
## - SECTION - original emulator invocation, everything hard-coded
−
87,88c87,88
+
##----------------------------------------------------------------------
−
<      cp -f bzip2.1 $(PREFIX)/man/man1
+
 
−
<      chmod a+r $(PREFIX)/man/man1/bzip2.1
+
# qemu-system-arm -kernel ./qemu-rpi-kernel/kernel-qemu -cpu arm1176 -m 256 -M versatilepb -no-reboot -serial stdio -append "root=/dev/sda2 panic=1 rootfstype=ext4 rw init=/bin/bash" -hda rpi.img
−
---
+
 
−
>      cp -f bzip2.1 $(PREFIX)/share/man/man1
+
# qemu-system-arm -kernel ./qemu-rpi-kernel/kernel-qemu -cpu arm1176 -m 256 -M versatilepb -no-reboot -serial stdio -append "root=/dev/sda2 panic=1 rootfstype=ext4 rw" -hda rpi.img
−
>      chmod a+r $(PREFIX)/share/man/man1/bzip2.1
+
 
−
103,110c103,110
 
−
<      cp -f bzgrep.1 bzmore.1 bzdiff.1 $(PREFIX)/man/man1
 
−
<      chmod a+r $(PREFIX)/man/man1/bzgrep.1
 
−
<      chmod a+r $(PREFIX)/man/man1/bzmore.1
 
−
<      chmod a+r $(PREFIX)/man/man1/bzdiff.1
 
−
<      echo ".so man1/bzgrep.1" > $(PREFIX)/man/man1/bzegrep.1
 
−
<      echo ".so man1/bzgrep.1" > $(PREFIX)/man/man1/bzfgrep.1
 
−
<      echo ".so man1/bzmore.1" > $(PREFIX)/man/man1/bzless.1
 
−
<      echo ".so man1/bzdiff.1" > $(PREFIX)/man/man1/bzcmp.1
 
−
---
 
−
>      cp -f bzgrep.1 bzmore.1 bzdiff.1 $(PREFIX)/share/man/man1
 
−
>      chmod a+r $(PREFIX)/share/man/man1/bzgrep.1
 
−
>      chmod a+r $(PREFIX)/share/man/man1/bzmore.1
 
−
>      chmod a+r $(PREFIX)/share/man/man1/bzdiff.1
 
−
>      echo ".so man1/bzgrep.1" > $(PREFIX)/share/man/man1/bzegrep.1
 
−
>      echo ".so man1/bzgrep.1" > $(PREFIX)/share/man/man1/bzfgrep.1
 
−
>      echo ".so man1/bzmore.1" > $(PREFIX)/share/man/man1/bzless.1
 
−
>      echo ".so man1/bzdiff.1" > $(PREFIX)/share/man/man1/bzcmp.1
 
−
root:/sources/bzip2-1.0.6#
 
  
−
</pre>
 
  
 +
##----------------------------------------------------------------------
 +
## - SECTION - invocation, emulator as variable:
 +
##----------------------------------------------------------------------
  
 +
# ${EMULATOR} -kernel ./qemu-rpi-kernel/kernel-qemu -cpu arm1176 -m 256 -M versatilepb -no-reboot -serial stdio -append "root=/dev/sda2 panic=1 rootfstype=ext4 rw init=/bin/bash" -hda rpi.img
  
−
<!-- comment -->
+
# Start RaspberryPi in fully functional mode:
 +
${EMULATOR} -kernel ./qemu-rpi-kernel/kernel-qemu -cpu arm1176 -m 256 -M versatilepb -no-reboot -serial stdio -append "root=/dev/sda2 panic=1 rootfstype=ext4 rw" -hda rpi.img
  
−
=== [[#top|^]] LFS 8.1 chapter 6.28, shadow-4.5 . . . ===
 
  
  
−
Some notes on configuring <code>shadow-4.5</code>.  The following snippet is a summary report from running <code>`./configure --sysconfdir=/etc --with-group-name-max-length=32 --with-libcrack`</code> in the <code>shadow-4.5</code> sources directory:
 
−
<pre>
 
  
−
config.status: executing po-directories commands
 
−
config.status: creating po/POTFILES
 
−
config.status: creating po/Makefile
 
  
−
shadow will be compiled with the following features:
 
  
−
        auditing support:              no
+
## - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
−
        CrackLib support:               yes
+
## 2017-09-08 FRI - this script copied from http://embedonix.com/articles/linux/emulating-raspberry-pi-on-linux/
−
        PAM support:                    no
+
## - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
−
        SELinux support:                no
 
−
        ACL support:                    yes
 
−
        Extended Attributes support:    yes
 
−
        tcb support (incomplete):      no
 
−
        shadow group support:          yes
 
−
        S/Key support:                  no
 
−
        SHA passwords encryption:      yes
 
−
        nscd support:                  yes
 
−
        subordinate IDs support:        yes
 
  
−
root:/sources/shadow-4.5#
+
exit 0
  
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
  
  
 +
The final token <code>rpi.img</code> points to <code>localhost:/home/user/Downloads/raspberrypi/2017-08-16-raspbian-stretch-lite.img</code> which we downloaded from https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/raspbian/.  The working qemu invocation doesn't open qemu's native window, but puts to standard out that is the same shell in which qemu invoked, a couple of lines of output from the booting kernel image.  Then using remmina we connect via "VNC server running on ::1:5900".
  
 +
In summary shell script in latest figure successfully invokes qemu-system-arm 2.10.0 built from sources about August 2017, and boots up Raspbian Stretch lite image and kernel named kernel-qemu-4.4.34-jessie.  Next figure is screenshot showing successful login, and last login message . . . though emulation was and is very slow on host system!
  
−
<!-- comment -->
 
  
−
=== --- break --- ===
+
<i>Figure x - emulated raspbian stretch lite screenshot, Remmina window</i>
 +
 
 +
[[media:z.png]]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
A shorter script to start raspberrypi kernel plus image, running in QEMU:
 +
 
 +
<pre>
 +
#!/bin/bash
 +
 
 +
qemu-system-arm -kernel ./kernel-qemu-4.4.34-jessie -cpu arm1176 -m 256 -M versatilepb -serial stdio -append "root=/dev/sda2 rootfstype=ext4 rw" -hda ./2017-09-07-raspbian-stretch-lite.img -redir tcp:5022::22 -no-reboot
 +
 
 +
exit 0
 +
</pre>
 +
 
  
−
=== [[#top|^]] standing as of chapter 6.32 - flex-2.6.4 . . . ===
 
  
−
<br />
+
- 2017-12-12 WED -
−
2017-10-04 - Ted noting that there are mixed ownerships on the most recently installed packages of the LFS build underway and documented here . . .
 
  
 +
An excerpt from qemu.org/download#source, on how to download, configure and compile latest QEMU sources:
  
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
 +
"
 +
Build instructions
 +
 +
To download and build QEMU 2.11.0-rc5:
 +
 +
wget https://download.qemu.org/qemu-2.11.0-rc5.tar.xz
 +
tar xvJf qemu-2.11.0-rc5.tar.xz
 +
cd qemu-2.11.0-rc5
 +
./configure
 +
make
  
−
root@localhost:/mnt/lfs/sources/z--set-aside# ls -l
+
To download and build QEMU from git:
−
total 92
 
−
drwxr-xr-x 16 root  root    4096 Sep 29 11:04 acl-2.2.52
 
−
drwxr-xr-x 16 root  root    4096 Sep 29 10:18 attr-2.4.47
 
−
drwxr-xr-x 19 root  root    4096 Sep 27 14:53 binutils-2.29
 
−
drwxr-xr-x 14  505 dialout 4096 Sep 29 14:03 bison-3.0.4
 
−
drwxr-xr-x  2 root  root    4096 Sep 29 09:37 bzip2-1.0.6
 
−
drwxrwxr-x  9  500    500 4096 Sep 29 13:16 cracklib-2.9.6
 
−
drwxr-xr-x  8 root  root    4096 Sep 22 13:08 file-5.31
 
−
drwxrwxr-x 11 veris veris  4096 Sep 29 14:09 flex-2.6.4
 
−
drwxrwxr-x 70 root  root    4096 Sep 22 10:48 glibc-2.26
 
−
drwxr-xr-x 16 lfs  root    4096 Sep 28 07:10 gmp-6.1.2
 
−
drwxr-xr-x  2 root  root    4096 Sep 29 13:58 iana-etc-2.30
 
−
drwxr-xr-x  7 root  root    4096 Sep 29 11:07 libcap-2.25
 
−
drwxrwxr-x 10 root  root    4096 Sep 22 13:15 m4-1.4.18
 
−
drwxr-xr-x 11 veris veris  4096 Jul 13 22:28 man-pages-4.12
 
−
drwxr-xr-x  6 lfs  lfs    4096 Sep 28 07:36 mpc-1.0.3
 
−
drwxr-xr-x  9 veris veris  4096 Sep 28 07:26 mpfr-3.1.5
 
−
drwxr-xr-x 17 lfs      999 4096 Sep 29 10:12 ncurses-6.0
 
−
drwxrwxr-x  6 veris veris  4096 Sep 29 10:02 pkg-config-0.29.2
 
−
drwxr-xr-x  8 veris veris  4096 Sep 29 13:56 psmisc-23.1
 
−
drwxrwxr-x  6  286 dialout 4096 Sep 22 13:10 readline-7.0
 
−
drwxr-xr-x 10 root  root    4096 Sep 29 11:19 sed-4.4
 
−
drwxrwxr-x 10 veris veris  4096 Sep 29 13:28 shadow-4.5
 
−
drwxr-xr-x 14  501 dialout 4096 Sep 22 13:06 zlib-1.2.11
 
  
−
root@localhost:/mnt/lfs/sources/z--set-aside#
+
git clone git://git.qemu.org/qemu.git
 +
cd qemu
 +
git submodule init
 +
git submodule update --recursive
 +
./configure
 +
make
  
 +
The latest development happens on the master branch. The stable trees are located in branches named stable-X.YY branch, where X.YY is the release version.
 +
"
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
  
  
−
Was simply looking for latest package compiled and installed, following LFS book 8.1.  But instead found permissions to differ.  Perhaps some of the installed packages reflect those originally downloaded by the 'lfs' user.  For some reason it was necessary to download some packages again after remounting the LFS partition and resuming work following a power-down event over two days' time . . .
 
  
 +
<!-- comment -->
 +
 +
<!-- SECTION - Embedded Linux Notes, focus on Rpi Linux Kernel Config -->
  
−
<!-- comment -->
+
== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] Embedded Linux Notes, focus on Rpi Linux Kernel Config ==
  
−
=== --- break --- ===
+
2018-11-09 - Ted to create [[nn_embedded_work|embedded work]] article on this wiki installation, so noting this Friday evening.  - TMH
  
 +
Ted looking into a couple of areas of embedded Linux, including [[nn_embedded_linux_notes|custom kernel config for Rpi]], the open source Buildroot project, Tiny-Core Linux and FreeRTOS.  Ted also stashing some links to embedded studies notes on this wiki here:
  
 +
*  [[system_partitions_to_hard_disk|Copying Rpi Linux partitions to hard disk]]
  
  
Line 1,077: Line 1,705:
 
<!-- comment -->
 
<!-- comment -->
  
−
=== [[#top|^]] chapter 6.35 - libtool-2.4.6 ===
+
== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] FreeRTOS Notes (Separate Article) ==
 +
 
 +
<!-- 2017-12-08 FRI -->
 +
 
  
−
<br />
+
[[FreeRTOS|FreeRTOS notes]]
−
Tail end of results from building libtool-2.4.6:
 
  
 +
Ted to move this link to nn wiki article named 'FreeRTOS'.  For now however Ted noting an openssl library named Wolfssl:
  
−
<pre>
+
*  https://freertos.org/FreeRTOS-Plus/WolfSSL/WolfSSL.shtml
 +
*  https://www.wolfssl.com/
 +
*  https://www.wolfssl.com/license/
  
−
  .
 
−
  .
 
−
  .
 
−
sysroot tests
 
  
−
166: -L=.../lib -l                                  skipped (sysroot.at:203)
+
NOTE 2017-12-10: this section 'embedded operating systems' to become a shorter list of major significant embedded OS's. As of 2017 winter Ted studying couple distributions of embedded Linux and FreeRTOS.
−
167: -L SYSROOT/.../lib -l                          skipped (sysroot.at:204)
 
−
168: SYSROOT/.../*.la                                skipped (sysroot.at:205)
 
  
−
Libtool stress test.
 
  
−
169: Link option thorough search test                ok
 
−
170: Run tests with low max_cmd_len                  ok
 
  
−
## ------------- ##
+
<!-- comment -->
−
## Test results. ##
 
−
## ------------- ##
 
  
−
ERROR: 140 tests were run,
+
== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] Bootloader U-Boot ==
−
65 failed (60 expected failures).
 
−
30 tests were skipped.
 
−
## -------------------------- ##
 
−
## testsuite.log was created. ##
 
−
## -------------------------- ##
 
  
−
Please send `tests/testsuite.log' and all information you think might help:
+
Ted noting after several custom Linux-for-Rpi kernel build attempts that Raspberry Pi board uses a bootloader typically other than GRUB, commonly uses U-boot.  A first tutorial . . . also running into U-boot sources makefile calling a project script which fails to find gcc-6, though /usr/bin/gcc is a symlink to that newer gcc . . .
  
−
  To: <bug-libtool@gnu.org>
 
−
  Subject: [GNU Libtool 2.4.6] testsuite: 123 124 125 126 130 failed
 
  
−
You may investigate any problem if you feel able to do so, in which
+
*  http://etutorials.org/Linux+systems/embedded+linux+systems/Chapter+9.+Setting+Up+the+Bootloader/9.5+U-Boot/
−
case the test suite provides a good starting point.  Its output may
+
* https://blog.christophersmart.com/2016/10/27/building-and-booting-upstream-linux-and-u-boot-for-raspberry-pi-23-arm-boards/
−
be found below `tests/testsuite.dir'.
 
  
−
make[3]: *** [Makefile:2459: check-local] Error 1
+
After installing manually some twenty or thirty gcc-6-arm-linux and gcc-6, gcc-7 files, and installing more modern version of build-essentials package from Ubuntu release codenamed 'bionic', can now build u-boot. Tail of messages from build process . . .
−
make[3]: Leaving directory '/sources/libtool-2.4.6'
 
−
make[2]: *** [Makefile:1897: check-am] Error 2
 
−
make[2]: Leaving directory '/sources/libtool-2.4.6'
 
−
make[1]: *** [Makefile:1606: check-recursive] Error 1
 
−
make[1]: Leaving directory '/sources/libtool-2.4.6'
 
−
make: *** [Makefile:1899: check] Error 2
 
−
root:/sources/libtool-2.4.6#
 
  
 +
<pre>
 +
  CC      lib/strto.o
 +
  CC      lib/strmhz.o
 +
  LD      lib/built-in.o
 +
  CC      examples/standalone/stubs.o
 +
  CC      CC      lib/strto.o
 +
  CC      lib/strmhz.o
 +
  LD      lib/built-in.o
 +
  CC      examples/standalone/stubs.o
 +
  CC      examples/standalone/hello_world.o
 +
  LD      examples/standalone/libstubs.o
 +
  LD      examples/standalone/hello_world
 +
  OBJCOPY examples/standalone/hello_world.srec
 +
  OBJCOPY examples/standalone/hello_world.bin
 +
  LD      u-boot
 +
  OBJCOPY u-boot.srec
 +
  OBJCOPY u-boot-nodtb.bin
 +
  SYM    u-boot.sym
 +
  COPY    u-boot.bin
 +
  CFGCHK  u-boot.cfg
 +
ted@rangari:/var/local/ted/projects/u-boot$ examples/standalone/hello_world.o
 +
  LD      examples/standalone/libstubs.o
 +
  LD      examples/standalone/hello_world
 +
  OBJCOPY examples/standalone/hello_world.srec
 +
  OBJCOPY examples/standalone/hello_world.bin
 +
  LD      u-boot
 +
  OBJCOPY u-boot.srec
 +
  OBJCOPY u-boot-nodtb.bin
 +
  SYM    u-boot.sym
 +
  COPY    u-boot.bin
 +
  CFGCHK  u-boot.cfg
 +
ted@rangari:/var/local/ted/projects/u-boot$
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
  
Line 1,134: Line 1,773:
 
<!-- comment -->
 
<!-- comment -->
  
−
=== [[#top|^]] chapter 6.40 - perl-5.26.0 ===
+
== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] LPC11U6x Development Board ==
  
−
<br />
+
*  https://community.nxp.com/thread/389139
−
Tail output from running `make -k test` on perl-5.26.0:
+
*  http://www.embeddedartists.com/products/lpcxpresso/lpclink2.php
 +
*  https://os.mbed.com/teams/Semtech/code/SX1276TxContinuousWave/
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
<!-- comment -->
  
 +
== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] avr-libc ==
  
 
<pre>
 
<pre>
 +
./avr-libc-1.8.0/include/avr/iom8.h:634:#if !defined(__AVR_LIBC_DEPRECATED_ENABLE__)
 +
./avr-libc-1.8.0/include/avr/iom8.h:657:#endif  /* !defined(__AVR_LIBC_DEPRECATED_ENABLE__) */
  
−
lib/utf8 ....................................................... ok
+
.
−
lib/vars ....................................................... ok
+
.
−
lib/vars_carp .................................................. ok
+
  .
−
lib/vmsish ..................................................... ok
 
−
lib/warnings ................................................... ok
 
−
Failed 9 tests out of 2452, 99.63% okay.
 
−
        ../cpan/Compress-Raw-Zlib/t/01version.t
 
−
        ../cpan/Compress-Raw-Zlib/t/02zlib.t
 
−
        ../cpan/Compress-Raw-Zlib/t/18lvalue.t
 
−
        ../cpan/Compress-Raw-Zlib/t/19nonpv.t
 
−
        ../cpan/IO-Compress/t/cz-01version.t
 
−
        ../cpan/IO-Compress/t/cz-03zlib-v1.t
 
−
        ../cpan/IO-Compress/t/cz-06gzsetp.t
 
−
        ../cpan/IO-Compress/t/cz-08encoding.t
 
−
        ../cpan/IO-Compress/t/cz-14gzopen.t
 
−
### Since not all tests were successful, you may want to run some of
 
−
### them individually and examine any diagnostic messages they produce.
 
−
### See the INSTALL document's section on "make test".
 
−
### You have a good chance to get more information by running
 
−
###  ./perl harness
 
−
### in the 't' directory since most (>=80%) of the tests succeeded.
 
−
### You may have to set your dynamic library search path,
 
−
### LD_LIBRARY_PATH, to point to the build directory:
 
−
###  setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH `pwd`:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH; cd t; ./perl harness
 
−
###  LD_LIBRARY_PATH=`pwd`:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH; cd t; ./perl harness
 
−
###  export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=`pwd`:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH; cd t; ./perl harness
 
−
### for csh-style shells, like tcsh; or for traditional/modern
 
−
### Bourne-style shells, like bash, ksh, and zsh, respectively.
 
−
Elapsed: 2050 sec
 
−
u=48.13  s=8.22  cu=1549.23 cs=94.46  scripts=2452  tests=1243855
 
−
make: *** [makefile:792: test] Error 1
 
  
−
real    34m40.210s
+
633 /* Deprecated items */
−
user    27m2.669s
+
634 #if !defined(__AVR_LIBC_DEPRECATED_ENABLE__)
−
sys    1m45.343s
+
635
−
root:/sources/perl-5.26.0#
+
636 #pragma GCC system_header
 +
637
 +
638 #pragma GCC poison SIG_INTERRUPT0
 +
639 #pragma GCC poison SIG_INTERRUPT1
 +
640 #pragma GCC poison SIG_OUTPUT_COMPARE2
 +
641 #pragma GCC poison SIG_OVERFLOW2
 +
642 #pragma GCC poison SIG_INPUT_CAPTURE1
 +
643 #pragma GCC poison SIG_OUTPUT_COMPARE1A
 +
644 #pragma GCC poison SIG_OUTPUT_COMPARE1B
 +
645 #pragma GCC poison SIG_OVERFLOW1
 +
646 #pragma GCC poison SIG_OVERFLOW0
 +
647 #pragma GCC poison SIG_SPI
 +
648 #pragma GCC poison SIG_UART_RECV
 +
649 #pragma GCC poison SIG_UART_DATA
 +
650 #pragma GCC poison SIG_UART_TRANS
 +
651 #pragma GCC poison SIG_ADC
 +
652 #pragma GCC poison SIG_EEPROM_READY
 +
653 #pragma GCC poison SIG_COMPARATOR
 +
654 #pragma GCC poison SIG_2WIRE_SERIAL
 +
655 #pragma GCC poison SIG_SPM_READY
 +
656
 +
657 #endif  /* !defined(__AVR_LIBC_DEPRECATED_ENABLE__) */
  
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
  
 +
 +
<!-- comment -->
 +
 +
== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] EWAVR, IAR Workbench, Keil compiler notes ==
 +
 +
2019-01-03 THU
 +
 +
*  http://www.keil.com/support/man/docs/c51/c51_le_sfr.htm
  
  
 
<!-- comment -->
 
<!-- comment -->
  
−
=== [[#top|^]] chapter 6.43 - autoconf-2.69 ===
+
==  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - - ==
 +
 
 +
== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] Yocto References ==
 +
 
  
−
<bv />
+
*  [https://github.com/toradex/meta-product Yocto meta-product project by Toradex]
−
Tail end of output from running `make check` on autoconf-2.69 project build:
 
  
  
−
<pre>
+
<!-- comment -->
  
−
  .
+
==  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - - ==
−
  .
 
−
  .
 
  
−
500: AC_HAVE_LIBRARY                                ok
 
  
−
Compatibility with other tools.
 
  
−
501: Libtool                                        FAILED (foreign.at:61)
+
<!-- comment -->
−
502: shtool                                          ok
 
  
−
Autoscan.
+
== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] Mobile App Development On Linux ==
  
−
503: autoscan                                        FAILED (autoscan.at:44)
+
*  https://www.raywenderlich.com/122189/introduction-to-open-source-swift-on-linux
 +
*  http://www.instructables.com/id/Creating-your-first-iOS-app/
 +
*  https://developer.apple.com/support/purchase-activation/ . . . required fees to Apple company
  
−
## ------------- ##
+
- 2018-10-12 FRI -
−
## Test results. ##
+
*  https://developer.apple.com/documentation/corebluetooth
−
## ------------- ##
 
  
−
ERROR: 450 tests were run,
+
- 2018-01-15 MON -
−
6 failed (4 expected failures).
+
*  https://andrewmichaelsmith.com/2017/02/developing-an-ios-app-on-linux-in-2017/ . . . Developing an iOS app on Linux in 2017
−
53 tests were skipped.
+
*  https://itsfoss.com/mount-iphone-ipad-ios-7-ubuntu-13-10/ . . . Ubuntu mount iPhone via libimobiledevice4 libimobiledevice-dev libimobiledevice-util and others
−
## -------------------------- ##
+
*  https://beebom.com/how-use-iphone-with-linux/
−
## testsuite.log was created. ##
 
−
## -------------------------- ##
 
  
−
Please send `tests/testsuite.log' and all information you think might help:
 
  
−
  To: <bug-autoconf@gnu.org>
+
=== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] Android programming ===
−
  Subject: [GNU Autoconf 2.69] testsuite: 501 503 failed
 
  
−
You may investigate any problem if you feel able to do so, in which
+
* https://www.ntu.edu.sg/home/ehchua/programming/android/Android_3D.html
−
case the test suite provides a good starting point. Its output may
 
−
be found below `tests/testsuite.dir'.
 
  
−
make[3]: *** [Makefile:596: check-local] Error 1
 
−
make[3]: Leaving directory '/sources/autoconf-2.69/tests'
 
−
make[2]: *** [Makefile:411: check-am] Error 2
 
−
make[2]: Leaving directory '/sources/autoconf-2.69/tests'
 
−
make[1]: *** [Makefile:357: check-recursive] Error 1
 
−
make[1]: Leaving directory '/sources/autoconf-2.69'
 
−
make: *** [Makefile:665: check] Error 2
 
  
−
real    25m15.337s
+
<!-- comment -->
−
user    12m47.136s
 
−
sys    2m59.419s
 
−
root:/sources/autoconf-2.69#
 
  
−
</pre>
+
==  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - - ==
  
  
Line 1,247: Line 1,877:
 
<!-- comment -->
 
<!-- comment -->
  
−
=== [[#top|^]] chapter 6.44 - automake-1.15 ===
+
== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] Toradex embedded ARM computers ==
 +
 
 +
Search for Toradex asymmetric core 'system on a module' board:
 +
 
 +
*  [https://docs.toradex.com/104446-colibri-arm-som-imx6ull-datasheet.pdf 104446-colibri-arm-som-imx6ull-datasheet.pdf] . . . looks like this may be only single core, not dual heterogeneous core
 +
 
 +
It looks like Colibri iMX7S and iMX7D are two-core and three-core processor based modules, with asymmetric cores to handle different kinds of data processing more efficiently,
 +
 
 +
*  Toradex PN: 00391100 - Colibri iMX7 Dual 1GB | V1.1A
 +
*  Toradex PN: 01351101 - Iris carrier board
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Looks like the Iris carrier board is a smaller form, less featured but more economical carrier board to support use of iMX7D/S systems on modules:
 +
 
 +
*  https://developer.toradex.com/products/iris-carrier-board
 +
 
 +
Software to install on this module:
 +
 
 +
*  https://www.toradex.com/computer-on-modules/colibri-arm-family/nxp-freescale-imx7
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Software projects and stacks to run on asymmetric core systems:
 +
 
 +
*  https://community.nxp.com/docs/DOC-104422
 +
 
 +
 
  
−
<br />
+
<!-- comment -->
−
Tail of test results testing automake-1.15:
+
 
−
<pre>
+
=== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] Build U-boot and Linux kernel from source ===
  
−
  .
+
*  https://developer.toradex.com/knowledge-base/build-u-boot-and-linux-kernel-from-source-code
−
  .
 
−
  .
 
−
PASS: t/depcomp-lt-auto.tap 80 - [absolute VPATH, nostatic] simple make
 
−
PASS: t/depcomp-lt-auto.tap 81 - [absolute VPATH, nostatic] clean & rebuild
 
−
PASS: t/depcomp-lt-auto.tap 82 - [absolute VPATH, nostatic] generated Plo files look correct
 
−
PASS: t/depcomp-lt-auto.tap 83 - [absolute VPATH, nostatic] dependency tracking works
 
−
PASS: t/depcomp-lt-auto.tap 84 - [absolute VPATH, nostatic] make distclean
 
−
============================================================================
 
−
Testsuite summary for GNU Automake 1.15.1
 
−
============================================================================
 
−
# TOTAL: 2901
 
−
# PASS:  2704
 
−
# SKIP:  154
 
−
# XFAIL: 41
 
−
# FAIL:  2
 
−
# XPASS: 0
 
−
# ERROR: 0
 
−
============================================================================
 
−
See ./test-suite.log
 
−
Please report to bug-automake@gnu.org
 
−
============================================================================
 
−
make[2]: *** [Makefile:3029: test-suite.log] Error 1
 
−
make[2]: Leaving directory '/sources/automake-1.15.1'
 
−
make[1]: *** [Makefile:3137: check-TESTS] Error 2
 
−
make[1]: Leaving directory '/sources/automake-1.15.1'
 
−
make: *** [Makefile:3368: check-am] Error 2
 
  
−
real    116m14.466s
 
−
user    103m28.428s
 
−
sys    18m55.411s
 
−
root:/sources/automake-1.15.1#
 
−
</pre>
 
  
  
 
<!-- comment -->
 
<!-- comment -->
  
−
=== [[#top|^]] chapter 6.49 e2fsprogs-1.43.5 ===
+
<!-- SECTION - Arduino Development Kit and Documentation -->
  
−
<br />
+
=== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] Arduino Development Kit and Documentation ===
−
Three tests failing in just-built <code>e2fsprogs</code> . . .
+
 
 +
Looking into Arduino boards as a means to configure an I2C protocol programmer . . .
 +
 
 +
Arduino Uno development board datasheet:
 +
*  https://www.farnell.com/datasheets/1682209.pdf
 +
 
 +
Arduino IDE software download:
 +
*  https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software
 +
 
 +
Getting started:
 +
*  https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/HomePage
 +
**  https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/Linux
 +
 
 +
 
 +
A more specifically purposed interface and or programming board called 'Aardvark' . . .
  
 +
*  https://www.totalphase.com/support/articles/200468316
  
−
<pre>
 
  
−
. . .
+
FreeRTOS on Arduino development boards . . .
−
m_offset: mke2fs with offset option (-E offset=N): ok
+
* https://github.com/feilipu/Arduino_FreeRTOS_Library
−
f_invalid_bad_inode: check for bogus bad inode: ok
 
−
f_h_badnode: hash directory with bad HTREE nodes: ok
 
−
337 tests succeeded    3 tests failed
 
−
Tests failed: f_del_dup_quota f_quota f_quota_extent_opt
 
−
make[1]: *** [Makefile:367: test_post] Error 1
 
−
make[1]: Leaving directory '/sources/e2fsprogs-1.43.5/build/tests'
 
−
make: *** [Makefile:394: check-recursive] Error 1
 
−
root:/sources/e2fsprogs-1.43.5/build#
 
  
−
</pre>
+
<!-- comment -->
  
−
.....
+
==  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - - ==
  
  
Line 1,317: Line 1,947:
 
<!-- comment -->
 
<!-- comment -->
  
−
=== [[#top|^]] next LFS chapter . . . ===
+
== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] Electronics ==
  
 +
*  https://www.sparkfun.com/products/18572
 +
 +
Transistor, FETs, Op-amps . . .
 +
<ul>
 +
  <li> https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/amplifier/transistor-biasing.html <br />
  
 +
  <li> http://bg-electronics.de/shop/product_info.php/products_id/6409/language/en  . . . MPSA14 Darlington pair NPN transistor <br />
 +
</ul>
 +
 +
Photovoltaics . . .
 +
<ul>
 +
  <li> https://www.digikey.com/en/articles/techzone/2018/sep/overcoming-power-system-design-challenges-in-1500-vdc-photovoltaic-systems?utm_medium=email&utm_source=tnl&utm_campaign=40284_TNL1811A&utm_content=article1learnmore_US&utm_cid=9726770&mkt_tok=eyJpIjoiWkRFeE1qQmxOMlF4T1dFeCIsInQiOiJLbDVRQkhIUmpGMThyK054VWhLZGFxWmJ5OUpyMHMrdGVKZVdxWnluM1wvRVgxdWcyTzNWQnJrd0wzTlk1SXpqZHZvMWxDNGd4blB3bGFWdWFOSWVsMTNmbWswU1M5aVZhck8wTm1ZK3FBZzFUQXJkK2NZdXlzZng1S2lqTGpob1UifQ%3D%3D <br />
 +
</ul>
 +
 +
Analog computers
 +
<ul>
 +
  <li>  http://www.analogmuseum.org/library/handbook_of_analog_computation.pdf
 +
</ul>
  
  
 
<!-- comment -->
 
<!-- comment -->
  
−
<br />
+
=== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] tools and hardware ===
−
<br />
+
 
 +
<ul>
 +
*  https://www.amazon.com/Illuminated-Jewelers-Trichome-Formline-Supply/dp/B073HWZGP3/ref=sr_1_40?hvadid=241934704451&hvdev=c&hvlocphy=9033803&hvnetw=g&hvpos=1t1&hvqmt=e&hvrand=14352835026335723525
 +
</ul>
 +
 
 +
<ul>
 +
32-razradnii kontrolerya . . .
 +
*  https://docplayer.ru/amp/27429677-32-razryadnyy-kontroller-dlya-aviacionnogo-primeneniya-1986ve1t-k1986ve1t-mdr32f1qi-k1986ve1n4.html
 +
</ul>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
=== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] measurement equipment ===
 +
 
 +
2020-10-27
 +
<ul>
 +
https://saving.em.keysight.com/en/used/oscilloscopes-digital-waveform-analyzers
 +
</ul>
 +
 
 +
Not used but I have this 4 channel 100mhz scope that i like a lot. $500 with built-in i2c/spi/uart/canbus decoding
 +
https://siglentna.com/product/sds1104x-e-100-mhz/
 +
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kay4Jk2DHuE
 +
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cwbwq-AKbPc
 +
SiglentSiglent
 +
SDS1104X-E (100 MHz) | Siglent
 +
Bandwidth: 100 MHz Channels: 4 Real time sampling rate: 1 GSa/s (Total of 2 A-to-D converters) Maximum capture rate: (100,000 in Normal mode, 400,000 in Sequence mode) Memory depth: 14 Mpts Bode Plot function (Requires SIGLENT SDG X or SAG1021 function generator) Search / Navigate functions Web-Based browser remote control Optional Wi-Fi dongle Optional MSO capability 
 +
YouTubeYouTube | EEVblog
 +
EEVblog #1042 - Siglent's $499 SDS1104X-E 4CH Oscilloscope Teardown
 +
 
  
−
<!-- SECTION - QEMU Emulator -->
+
<!-- comment -->
  
−
== [[#top|^]] QEMU Emulator ==
+
=== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] Modbus protocol ===
  
−
Notes on QEMU, an emulator which can help with building and configuring Linux systems to run on embedded computers and development boards.  Ted noting 2017-09-08 that to compile today's latest QEMU source, a 2.10.x release, needed to install Debian stretch packages pkg-config, libglib2.0-dev, dhautoreconf.  Here are some links to downloading QEMU project sources, a manual for using QEMU, and an article about emulating a RaspberryPi system by using QEMU:
+
<ul>
 +
[[modbus_notes|Modbus protocol notes]]
 +
</ul>
  
  
−
*  [https://www.qemu.org/download/#source QEMU Emulator, source code download site]
+
<!-- SECTION - Other Things To Explore -->
−
*  [https://qemu.weilnetz.de/doc/qemu-doc.html QEMU manual]
+
 
−
*  [http://embedonix.com/articles/linux/emulating-raspberry-pi-on-linux/ Emulating Raspberry Pi under Linux, Embedonix article]
+
== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] <!-- [[#top|^]] --> Mathematica ==
  
 +
Mathematical symbols:
 +
*  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_mathematical_symbols
 +
*  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mathematical_symbols_by_subject
  
−
So got QEMU 2.10.0 sources and dependencies installed, ran `configure` and `make` steps, and let the build process run for an hour or two.  But in the end could not find any `qemu` executable.  Why is the emulator itself apparently missing?  Building latest QEMU under Linux . . .
 
  
−
*  [https://wiki.qemu.org/Hosts/Linux Building QEMU on Linux type hosts]
+
Important mathematical topics:
 +
*  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pure_mathematics
 +
*  ( applied mathematics link to go here )
  
 +
<!-- comment -->
  
−
So I'm following the above article author's typical build steps, and run into this message part-way down those steps, at the step of calling `make`:
+
=== [[#top|^]] Books on mathematics ===
 +
Books on mathematics to explore:
 +
<ul>
 +
*  "Lectures and Problems: A Gift to Young Mathematicians (MSRI Mathematical Circles Library)
 +
by V. I. Arnold (Author)"
  
−
<pre>
+
On-line lecture notes:
−
user@host-6:~/Downloads/qemu/qemu-2.10.0/bin/debug/native$ make
+
*  https://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/classes/calci/IndefiniteIntegrals.aspx  Paul's On-line Notes
−
Makefile:21: *** This is an out of tree build but your source tree (/home/veris/Downloads/qemu/qemu-2.10.0) seems to have been used for an in-tree build. You can fix this by running "make distclean && rm -rf *-linux-user *-softmmu" in your source tree.  Stop.
 
−
user@host-6:~/Downloads/qemu/qemu-2.10.0/bin/debug/native$
 
−
</pre>
 
  
 +
*  An excellent book on the FFT is: E. Oran Brigham, The Fast Fourier Transform, PrenticeHall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1974.
 +
</ul>
  
−
Ok interesting, I know that QEMU is a complicated project with a complex build process, but clearly I don't know what I'm doing.  Following the above 'distclean' command given in the error message from QEMU's makefile, I'm now able to begin an "out of tree" build as described in the "Building QEMU" article at qemu.org just above.  Tired already however of QEMU project builds taking more than an hour to complete.  Here is one of many articles describing how to invoke `make` to build only limited parts of QEMU project, for example just the pieces needed to emulate ARM type systems:
 
  
 +
CRC, RSA and other mathematical areas . . .
  
−
*  [https://www.cnx-software.com/2012/03/08/how-to-build-qemu-system-arm-in-linux/ Build qemu-system-arm on Linux host]
+
<ul>
 +
*  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_redundancy_check
 +
*  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TWINKLE Integer factorization device TWINKLE by Adi Shamir, of RSA developer trio]
 +
*  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TWIRL TWIRL factorization device, short article at Wikipedia]
 +
*  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_number_field_sieve General Number Field Sieve]
 +
*  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuristic Heuristic way explained]
 +
*  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-notation L-notation, to express computational complexity of algorithms]
 +
*  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete_logarithm discrete logarithms]
 +
</ul>
  
  
−
Ted to test this type of build soon . . .
+
Applied math . . .
 +
<ul>
 +
*  https://owlcation.com/stem/Everything-About-Triangles-and-More-Isosceles-Equilateral-Scalene-Pythagoras-Sine-and-Cosine
 +
</ul>
 +
Fractal geometry and math . . .
  
−
On a different note, QEMU build has completed and the stock RaspberryPi Debian "Stretch" image is coming up. Needed to install a VNC client to interact with the emulated RaspberryPi operating and software, stored in the downloaded .img file from Rpi's web site.  Here's a link to a forum post which clued Ted into Remmina VNC client:
+
<ul>
 +
*  http://mathworld.wolfram.com/StrangeAttractor.html
 +
* http://mathworld.wolfram.com/LorenzAttractor.html
 +
</ul>
  
  
−
*  [https://www.quora.com/How-could-I-connect-to-a-VNC-server-running-on-1-5900 Quora dot com, connect to VNC server]
+
Quantum computing and Shor's algorithm . . .
 +
<ul>
 +
*  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shor%27s_algorithm  algoritmo de Shor
 +
*  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenstra_elliptic-curve_factorization#Quantum_version_(GEECM) GEECM
 +
</ul>
 +
---
 +
<ul>
 +
*  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_matter_physics
 +
*  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bose%E2%80%93Einstein_condensate
 +
</ul>
 +
---
 +
<ul>
 +
*  https://www.cnet.com/pictures/take-a-look-at-googles-quantum-computing-technology/17/
 +
</ul>
 +
<!-- comment -->
  
 +
=== [[#top|^]] Fast Fourier Transform FFT ===
  
 +
*  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_Fourier_transform
 +
<ul>
 +
*  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_O_notation
 +
*  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_of_unity
 +
Other FFT algorithms:
 +
*  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexagonal_fast_Fourier_transform
 +
</ul>
  
 +
*  https://mathworld.wolfram.com/FastFourierTransform.html  Wolfram Math World, Fast Fourier Transform
 
<!-- comment -->
 
<!-- comment -->
  
−
== [[#top|^]] Python Scripting Language ==
+
Other mathematical topics:
 +
<ul>
 +
*  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_(mathematics)
 +
*  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_zeta_function
 +
</ul>
  
−
*  https://docs.python.org/2/tutorial/index.html
+
<!-- comment -->
  
−
*  https://learn.onemonth.com/ruby-vs-python/
+
== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] <!-- [[#top|^]] --> Literature ==
  
 +
Liturature and Authors of the World . . .
 +
 +
<ul>
 +
*  https://www.literarytraveler.com/articles/tolkien_lewis_england/
 +
</ul>
  
  
 
<!-- comment -->
 
<!-- comment -->
  
−
<!-- SECTION - Other Things To Explore -->
+
== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] Other Things To Explore ==
 +
 
 +
Human health:
 +
 
 +
*  https://getpocket.com/explore/item/a-mental-disease-by-any-other-name-2094105417
  
−
== [[#top|^]] Other Things To Explore ==
 
  
 
<br />
 
<br />
 
Here are some technical and science topics to explore, perhaps on a rainy day . . .
 
Here are some technical and science topics to explore, perhaps on a rainy day . . .
 +
 +
Machine learning:
 +
 +
*  https://github.com/josephmisiti/awesome-machine-learning
 +
 +
 +
Containers and DevOps:
 +
 +
*  https://developers.redhat.com/products/rhoar/download/?sc_cid=701f2000000tvScAAI&gclid=CjwKCAiA0O7fBRASEiwAYI9QAqRy2uRVKve05ZeAn8HVRcjtfdmXR73RIgBWVcAylg-TzCoszXBrkRoC9j8QAvD_BwE&gclsrc=aw.ds
 +
*  https://www.sumologic.com/blog/devops/how-containerization-enables-devops/
 +
*  https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/
 +
 +
*  https://clouddocs.f5.com/products/connectors/k8s-bigip-ctlr/v1.7/
 +
*  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress/
 +
*  https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/run-application/run-stateless-application-deployment/
 +
  
  
 
3D Graphics, mathematics behind and programming:
 
3D Graphics, mathematics behind and programming:
  
 +
<ul>
 
*  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternions_and_spatial_rotation Quaternions and Spatial Rotation]
 
*  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternions_and_spatial_rotation Quaternions and Spatial Rotation]
 +
- 2018-06-21 Thursday -
 +
*  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenMW
 +
*  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullet_(software)
 +
</ul>
  
  
Line 1,401: Line 2,156:
 
Dublin Core:
 
Dublin Core:
  
 +
<ul>
 
*  [http://dublincore.org/documents/2012/06/14/dcmi-terms/?v=elements Dublin Core documents, referenced by Drupal default rss.xml feed page]
 
*  [http://dublincore.org/documents/2012/06/14/dcmi-terms/?v=elements Dublin Core documents, referenced by Drupal default rss.xml feed page]
 
*  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Core Dublin Core article on Wikipedia]
 
*  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dublin_Core Dublin Core article on Wikipedia]
 
*  [http://www.dublincoregenerator.com/generator.html Dublin Core Generator]
 
*  [http://www.dublincoregenerator.com/generator.html Dublin Core Generator]
 +
</ul>
 +
 +
Zdyes mnogo informatsia:  <!-- 20109-08-09 -->
 +
<ul>
 +
*  https://ertelecom.ru/t/ru/
 +
</ul>
 +
 +
 +
<!-- comment -->
 +
 +
=== [[#top|^]] DYI laptop by Olimex ===
 +
 +
*  https://www.olimex.com/Products/DIY-Laptop/
 +
 +
 +
<!-- comment -->
 +
 +
=== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] <i> edit point </i> ===
 +
 +
- - - - - &nbsp;- - - - - &nbsp;- - - - - &nbsp;- - - - - &nbsp;- - - - - &nbsp;- - - - - &nbsp;- - - - - &nbsp;- - - - - &nbsp;- - - - - &nbsp;- - - - - &nbsp;- - - - - &nbsp;- - - - - &nbsp;
  
  
Line 1,422: Line 2,198:
  
  
−
Unix and Linux building blocks:
+
Unix and Linux tools, software and building blocks:
  
 
*  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name_Service_Switch nss, Name Service Switch]
 
*  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name_Service_Switch nss, Name Service Switch]
 
*  "Burrows-Wheeler block sorting text compression algorithm", noted 2017-09-29 FRI from LFS 8.1 chapter 6.21 - TMH
 
*  "Burrows-Wheeler block sorting text compression algorithm", noted 2017-09-29 FRI from LFS 8.1 chapter 6.21 - TMH
 +
*  https://www.collabora.com/news-and-blog/blog/2017/03/13/kernel-debugging-with-qemu-overview-tools-available/ . . . kernel debugging and kmemleak
 +
 +
*  https://manned.org/obex-data-server/1d713e98  . . . obex data server
 +
 +
 +
GNU Make book on-line . . .
 +
 +
*  http://mitechie.com/
 +
  
  
Line 1,433: Line 2,218:
  
  
 +
Virtual server image creation:
 +
 +
*  [https://research.csc.fi/pouta-adding-images virtual server image creation at cPouta, Finland]
 +
*  [https://github.com/CSCfi/diskimage-builder-csc-automation disk image builder CSC automation, at Github]
 +
 +
 +
Github Users Sharing Their Work:
 +
 +
*  [https://github.com/mattions/ Michele Mattioni mattions]
 +
 +
 +
<!-- comment -->
 +
 +
=== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] <i> edit point </i> ===
 +
 +
- - - - - &nbsp;- - - - - &nbsp;- - - - - &nbsp;- - - - - &nbsp;- - - - - &nbsp;- - - - - &nbsp;- - - - - &nbsp;- - - - - &nbsp;- - - - - &nbsp;- - - - - &nbsp;- - - - - &nbsp;- - - - - &nbsp;
 +
<!--
 +
  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -
 +
-->
 +
 +
Cryptography Scientists and Articles:
 +
 +
*  [https://www.rambus.com/inventors/inventor-paul-kocher/ Paul Kocher and Rambus]
 +
*  [https://www.rambus.com/memory-and-interfaces/ Rambus memory and interfaces]
 +
*  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Row_hammer side-channel attack known as 'Row hammer', adjacent DRAM cells changed by frequent write operations]
 +
 +
*  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morris_worm Robert Morris internet work 1988]
 +
*  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simile_(computer_virus) Simile computer virus, metamorphic code]
 +
*  [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zmist Zmist metamorphic computer virus]
 +
 +
 +
<!--
 +
https://www.convirture.com/company_management.php
 +
https://www.convirture.com/community.php
 +
https://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/12/14/convirture_convirt_3_2_vmware_support/
 +
-->
 +
 +
ARM microcontroller related:
 +
 +
*  [http://infocenter.arm.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.arm.doc.ddi0337e/Cihcffda.html Nested Vector Interrupt Controller (NVIC)]
 +
 +
 +
Operating system level programming:
 +
 +
*  [http://www.musl-libc.org/ musl libc home page]
 +
*  [http://www.etalabs.net/compare_libcs.html musl C library comparison with other C libraries]
 +
*  [http://www.etalabs.net/overcommit.html memory overcommit]
 +
 +
 +
Gputils PIC programming tools, W3C Jigsaw validator referenced at end of page
 +
 +
*  https://gputils.sourceforge.io/#News
 +
 +
 +
 +
<!-- comment -->
 +
 +
 +
 +
<span id="musica y liricos"></span>
 +
<!-- SECTION - music and lyrics -->
 +
=== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] music and lyrics ===
 +
 +
*  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nmqitm6cfuU  . . . I am Omni - Back At It - featuring Myka 9
 +
 +
*  http://ohhla.com/anonymous/blackstr/rm_bside/little_b.blk.txt
 +
<ul>
 +
*  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RTREDvH8H4g
 +
</ul>
 +
 +
---
 +
*  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4SpWuseQGys  Jew harp, Ted talk and Vilnius
 +
https://www.wish.com/product/59b6c3c68f545e607c2adf30?hide_login_modal=true&from_ad=goog_shopping&_display_country_code=US&_force_currency_code=USD&pid=googleadwords_int&c=%7BcampaignId%7D&ad_cid=59b6c3c68f545e607c2adf30&ad_cc=US&ad_curr=USD&ad_price=48.00&campaign_id=7203534630&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIoZKHvqS06AIVEh-tBh2I6wv-EAQYASABEgKuAvD_BwE&share=web
 +
 +
 +
<!-- comment -->
 +
 +
<span id="plant_resources"></span>
 +
<!-- SECTION - Plant resources -->
 +
 +
=== [[#top|&uarr;]] [[#references|&darr;]] plant and animal references ===
 +
 +
Searching Google and Amazon for bottom heat sources for seed germination:
 +
 +
"
 +
Seedfactor
 +
MET certified Seedling Heat Mat, Seedfactor Waterproof Durable Germination Station Heat Mat, Warm Hydroponic Heating Pad for Indoor Home Gardening Seed Starter(10" x 20")
 +
"
 +
 +
*  [https://davesgarden.com/guides/articles/view/556 Heating mats article by Jill M. Nicolaus]
 +
 +
*  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmia_bicolor
 +
*  https://nativebeeology.com/mind-your-bees-and-gardens-2/carpenter-bee/ bufflehead mason bee
 +
 +
Aloe references . . .
 +
<ul>
 +
Aloe maculata, bontalwyne:
 +
<ul>
 +
*  http://clarensnews.co.za/aloe-maculata-common-soap-aloe-bontalwyne/
 +
*  http://pza.sanbi.org/aloe-maculata
 +
*  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283348154_Review_of_Aloe_Species%27_Medicinal_Properties_and_Bioactive_Compounds
 +
</ul>
 +
[[file:FOPB4-51.pdf|FOBP284 Rodriguez aloe studies paper]]
 +
</ul>
 +
 +
2019-04-10
 +
Cork trees . . .
 +
<ul>
 +
*  http://www.corkforest.org/harvesting-the-cork-oak/
 +
</ul>
 +
 +
Invasive plants . . .
 +
<ul>
 +
*  https://www.nybg.org/blogs/plant-talk/tag/amur-cork-tree/
 +
</ul>
 +
 +
 +
==== [[#top|^]] Cacti ====
 +
 +
<ul>
 +
*  https://www.greenfoxlandscapesupply.com/fishhook-barrel-cactus Fishhook barrel cactus
 +
*  https://cals.arizona.edu/pima/gardening/aridplants/Ferocactus_wislizenii.html "Page not found" but mentions <i>ferocactus wislizenii</i>
 +
*  http://txmg.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/williamson/files/Cold-Hardy-Cacti-Succulents-03-11.pdf cold hardiness of cacti, list of many
 +
*  http://www.phoenixdesertnursery.com/articles.php?article=5 Phoenix Desert Nursery, cactus article mentions claret cup and many others, cold hardiness
 +
*  http://www.[[#top|^]] americansouthwest.net/plants/cacti/ferocactus-wislizeni.html
 +
 +
*  http://www.llifle.com/Encyclopedia/CACTI/Family/Cactaceae/4317/Ferocactus_macrodiscus
 +
*  http://www.llifle.com/plant_album/4317/
 +
 +
*  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinocereus_rigidissimus
 +
 +
*  https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/716846465660891130/
 +
 +
*  http://www.cactusinhabitat.org/index.php?p=specie&id=46&l=en
 +
 +
- 2018-08-24 - Friday, search for cold hardiness of echinopsis oxygona:
 +
*  https://worldofsucculents.com/echinopsis-oxygona-easter-lily-cactus
 +
 +
- 2019-07-19 - Friday, Frailea cactus native to Brazil
 +
*  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frailea
 +
</ul>
 +
 +
 +
<!-- comment -->
 +
 +
==== [[#top|^]] Agavacae ====
 +
<ul>
 +
*  https://jcra.ncsu.edu/horticulture/plant-profiles/details.php?ID=98
 +
</ul>
  
  
 
<!-- comment -->
 
<!-- comment -->
 +
 +
==== [[#top|^]] Nursurias ====
 +
 +
<ul>
 +
*  https://www.highcountrygardens.com/perennial-plants/agave/agave-utahensis-ssp-kaibabensis
 +
<ul>
 +
Excerpt from this page:
 +
 +
<i>
 +
"Planting Instructions
 +
 +
1. Cacti, agaves, and tap-rooted succulents (Aloinopsis, Titanopsis, Nananthus) should be transplanted bare-root. Let the soil in the pot dry out for a few days. Then remove the pot and gently loosen the soil so it falls away from the roots. Trim off any broken roots. Bare root plants should then be planted into a shallow hole. Spread out the roots evenly and sprinkle the soil into the hole until full. The base of the plant should rest on top of the soil. Mulch with a 1⁄2”-1” thick layer of pea-sized gravel around the base of the plant to protect it from contact with soggy soil over the winter months. (See planting diagram on page 12 of our Planting Guide.)
 +
</i>
 +
</ul>
 +
 +
TERMINOLOGY:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleistogamy
 +
</ul>
 +
 +
 +
<!-- comment -->
 +
 +
- 2018-08-06 Monday -
 +
<ul>
 +
*  https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdfplus/10.1086/277683  . . . lithurge, cactus bees
 +
</ul>
 +
 +
Wildflowers . . .
 +
<ul>
 +
*  http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=p840  . . . lychnis coronaria, <i>rose campion</i> native to Europe
 +
*  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silene_coronaria
 +
</ul>
 +
 +
Iris and Bulbs . . .
 +
<ul>
 +
*  http://www.srgc.net/forum/index.php?topic=9952.210  . . . Scottish Rock Garden Club, Pat Toolen seedling PT0343
 +
</ul>
 +
 +
<ul>
 +
*  https://butterfly-conservation.org/moths/identify-a-moth
 +
</ul>
 +
 +
 +
<!-- comment -->
 +
 +
Personal project notes . . .
 +
 +
<ul>
 +
*  [[bookmarked_paths|bookmarked paths]] of various projects
 +
</ul>
 +
 +
 +
 +
2020-10-21
 +
*  https://www.indefenseofplants.com/blog/2015/7/23/an-orchid-invader-with-an-interesting-ecology  helleborine orchid
 +
 +
<!-- comment -->
 +
 +
==== [[#top|^]] plant pathology ====
 +
 +
https://www.apsnet.org/publications/phytopathology/backissues/Documents/1971Articles/Phyto61n08_926.PDF
 +
 +
<!-- comment -->
 +
 +
<!-- SECTION - Food and Cooking -->
 +
 +
== [[#top|^]] Technology History and Evolution ==
 +
Moore's Law and CMOS scaling ways:
 +
*  https://meroli.web.cern.ch/lecture_scaled_CMOS_Technology.html
 +
*  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/65_nm_process
 +
*  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-%CE%BA_dielectric
 +
<!-- comment -->
 +
 +
== [[#top|^]] Astronomy ==
 +
 +
Physics topics relating to astronomy:
 +
 +
<ul>
 +
*  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_light
 +
*  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsec
 +
</ul>
 +
 +
Black holes and some of their key features as we know them so far:
 +
 +
<ul>
 +
*  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event_Horizon_Telescope
 +
*  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerr_metric Kerr metric as applies to black holes
 +
2020-01-30
 +
*  https://www.shelyak.com/how-to-measure-the-redshift-of-a-galaxy/?lang=en
 +
</ul>
 +
 +
Black holes and General Relativity . . .
 +
 +
<ul>
 +
*  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandrasekhar_limit  Chandrasekhar Limit of mass of stars and specifically white dwarf stars
 +
</ul>
 +
 +
 +
 +
<!-- comment -->
 +
 +
== [[#top|^]] Food and Cooking ==
 +
 +
*  https://getpocket.com/explore/item/the-best-ever-eggplant-parmigiana?utm_source=pocket-newtab  Italian eggplant parmigiana
 +
 +
Turkish traditional dishes, borek . . .
 +
<ul>
 +
*  https://www.seriouseats.com/2012/02/how-to-make-turkish-burek.html
 +
</ul>
 +
 +
Search also for simit, imam bayidi, kafta kabab
 +
 +
 +
<!-- comment -->
 +
 +
<span id="references"></span>
  
 
<!-- SECTION - References -->
 
<!-- SECTION - References -->
  
 
== [[#top|^]] References ==
 
== [[#top|^]] References ==
 +
 +
[[Notes|Neela Nurseries wiki notes]]
 +
 
<br />
 
<br />
 
Reproducible builds, byte-wise reproducible software:
 
Reproducible builds, byte-wise reproducible software:
Line 1,450: Line 2,502:
 
Apache2 configuration:
 
Apache2 configuration:
 
*  https://www.sslshopper.com/apache-redirect-http-to-https.html
 
*  https://www.sslshopper.com/apache-redirect-http-to-https.html
 +
SSL
 +
*  [http://server.arcgis.com/en/web-adaptor/latest/install/iis/enable-https-on-your-web-server-server-.htm SSL certificates behind firewall]
 
DNS
 
DNS
 
*  [http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/DNS-HOWTO.html DNS How-To] at [http://tlpd.org TLDP]
 
*  [http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/DNS-HOWTO.html DNS How-To] at [http://tlpd.org TLDP]
 
*  [http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/DNS-HOWTO.html DNS How-To by Nicolai Langfeldt]
 
*  [http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/DNS-HOWTO.html DNS How-To by Nicolai Langfeldt]
 +
MYSQL
 +
*  [https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-mysql-on-ubuntu-16-04 Digital Ocean - How to install MYSQL tutorial]
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
 +
 +
 +
Coding standards:
 +
*  https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/process/coding-style.html
 +
 +
 +
C and C++:
 +
*  https://www.tutorialspoint.com/cplusplus/cpp_variable_types.htm "A variable can be declared multiple times but defined only once in a file, routine or code block."
  
  
 
Couple of MediaWiki and publishing issues to look into, which came up during wiki configuration:
 
Couple of MediaWiki and publishing issues to look into, which came up during wiki configuration:
−
*  https://www.medihttps://alta-ubuntu.veris.com/wiki/index.php/Main_Pageawiki.org/wiki/Manual:User_rights
+
*  https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:User_rights
 
*  https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
 
*  https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
 
*  https://choosealicense.com/
 
*  https://choosealicense.com/
 +
  
 
Some Hindi language and UTF-8 encoding references, to be factored to a dedicated wiki page later:
 
Some Hindi language and UTF-8 encoding references, to be factored to a dedicated wiki page later:
Line 1,465: Line 2,530:
 
*  http://hindilearner.com/hindi_words_phrases/hindi_words_time_days.html
 
*  http://hindilearner.com/hindi_words_phrases/hindi_words_time_days.html
 
*  http://www.learning-hindi.com/post/3072325702/lesson-91-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AA-%E0%A4%A4-%E0%A4%B9-%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%A6-%E0%A4%A8-days-of-the-week
 
*  http://www.learning-hindi.com/post/3072325702/lesson-91-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AA-%E0%A4%A4-%E0%A4%B9-%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%A6-%E0%A4%A8-days-of-the-week
 +
  
 
Linux programs and utilities:
 
Linux programs and utilities:
Line 1,471: Line 2,537:
 
*  [https://askubuntu.com/questions/390769/how-do-i-resize-partitions-using-command-line-without-using-a-gui-on-a-server resize2fs util to resize ext2, ext3, ext4 type partitions]
 
*  [https://askubuntu.com/questions/390769/how-do-i-resize-partitions-using-command-line-without-using-a-gui-on-a-server resize2fs util to resize ext2, ext3, ext4 type partitions]
 
*  [https://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-help/2015-08/msg00104.html shell script 'runtest' provided by package dejagnu]
 
*  [https://gcc.gnu.org/ml/gcc-help/2015-08/msg00104.html shell script 'runtest' provided by package dejagnu]
 +
 +
 +
Graphics Servers:
 +
*  https://www.reddit.com/r/linux/comments/4bq9kl/eli5_wayland_vs_mir_vs_x11/ X11 versus Wayland compositor
  
  
Line 1,477: Line 2,547:
  
  
 +
QEMU
 +
*  [https://www.raspberrypi.org/forums/viewtopic.php?t=175454 running virtual raspberrypi system using QEMU]
 +
*  [https://azeria-labs.com/emulate-raspberry-pi-with-qemu/ Azeria labs with more detailed steps to modifying image, not kernel, to boot fully in QEMU]
 +
*  [https://github.com/dhruvvyas90/qemu-rpi-kernel Dhruvvyas90 qemu-rpi-kernel]
 +
 +
 +
I2C
 +
*  https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/user-guide/UM10204.pdf
 +
 +
Access iPhone via Linux
 +
*  https://www.maketecheasier.com/easily-mount-your-iphone-as-an-external-drive-in-ubuntu/
  
  
 
<!-- comment -->
 
<!-- comment -->
 +
 +
== [[#top|^]] End of page ==
 +
 +
 +
&nbsp;<br />
 +
&nbsp;<br />
  
 
<center>
 
<center>

Latest revision as of 22:38, 14 November 2024

-- 2017-07-21 शुक्रवार --
User Ted's wiki page at Neela Nurseries
musica, संगीत


OVERVIEW

This wiki document a starting point of Ted's notes on Linux use and configuration, Open Source Software and web development.

This local notes page on Neela Nurseries wiki not yet well organized, but here as a quick stash point for holding useful references and a starting point for more complete and formal documentation.

Music notes here  :::  NN keywords template  :::  Nordic Devzone posts  :::  CircuitDojo Forum  :::  Untangling complex C declarations

Keywords: Untangling Detangling Untangling C Declarations Nordic Devzone firmware goals


^ Technology and Tools

Quick links to local notes and references:

1 2 3 4
Technical groups Hardware references Operating systems Tools and Toolchains
5 6 7 8
Documentation Programming languages Programming languages Data Integrity
9 10 11 12
Technologies Local works Local works Code Libraries
13 14 15 16
Open software projects Comms protocols Encodings Hardware issues
17 18 19 20
Local stuff Academic Cloud based services Interesting projects

^ temporary section

Note: useful to add ratings of completeness and organization to above links that point to local wiki pages.

http://iotfactory.eu/lorawan-world-frequency-map-lora-sigfox-nbiot-telecom-operators-per-country/ LoRaWAN world frequency map (not exhaustive)

Always useful to review, wiki table syntax help: 

 *  wiki table help

Wiki-driven table of contents here:

Contents



↑ ↓ Countries and politics



↑ ↓ Community, Culture, the World

Following sections on Community, Geography, Culture, Musica and the world may become a separate wiki page in the future.


↑ ↓ Geography and Place



↑ ↓ People

Cultural and envinrmental:



Encontrado 2019-12-30 lunes, commentario sobre Mahatma Gandhi:


Tech authors, astronomy, more Linux reference material:


↑ ↓ Human languages

- 2017-12-15 FRI -


↑ ↓ Science

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

- 2017-10-05 - Ted noting here that would be good to have a technical glossary to make easily accessible all the technical terms which arise in daily work and exploration of technologies . . .


- 2017-10-19 - TO-DO list: 

  *  [✓] complete LFS 8.1 exercise
  *  [ ] configure xserver to run stand-along without window manager (seems to be working on 1604 spare LTS host . . .)
  *  [ ] set up two mysql servers on one host
  *  [ ] write "best photo contribution" practices page for ASI
  *  [ ] code "re-use or reference text block" module for MediaWiki  <-- this needs further explanation - TMH 
  *  [ ] in local Neela Nurseries PHP code base, amend hybrid building of nav menus to include highlighting parent page of given viewed page
  *  [ ] in OpenCart 2.x find way to customize top-of-page information and links
  *  [ ] in OpenCart 2.x find way to format product lists as compact lists, like Gmail inbox or Windows 'list view' of files


↑ ↓ GNU Make and GCC Tools


2018-07-18 NOTE: this section to be moved to separate GCC and Make article . . . - TMH


Using macros with gcc:

Code libraries and shared objects, expressing paths to them:

gcc.gnu.org - 3.15 Specifying subprocesses and switches passed to them

gcc how to show macros and pre-processor defines:


↑ ↓ OpenOCD and Eagle set up notes

Eagle fails to start due to symbols not resolve-able . . . 

 *  https://forums.autodesk.com/t5/eagle-forum/can-t-run-eagle-on-debian-10-testing/td-p/8312348

Automake or autoconf or autoreconf -i fails for LIBTOOL undefined . . . 

 *  https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18978252/error-libtool-library-used-but-libtool-is-undefined



 *  https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43565009/failing-to-enable-stlink-in-openocd


↑ ↓ Mediawiki Issues and Notes

- 2018-01-22 - While editing sidebar of Mediawiki instance at Neela, Ted noticing a difference in Mediawiki's treatment of hyperlinks in the sidebar. Links to external sites don't appear, and links to internal pages require single square brace enclosure to appear with alternate text as a link label . . . 

<!--
** [https://buildroot.org/downloads/manual/manual.html Buildroot manual]
<a href="https://buildroot.org/downloads/manual/manual.html">Buildroot manual</a>

- 2018-01-22 MON -
** https://wiki.neelanurseries.com/index.php/Nn_embedded_linux_notes#.E2.86.91_.E2.86.93_Buildroot|Buildroot notes . . . only 'notes' shows as non-link text - TMH
-->


^ File uploads

- 2018-06-29 FRI - Issue adding .txt type files to whitelist of Mediawiki installation uploadable files: 

Action failed

Could not open lock file for "mwstore://local-backend/local-public/e/ec/Asi-officers-list-2018.txt".

Return to Main Page.

200px|thumb|left|png type image to test file uploads of allowed image type . . .
media:arrow-up-prelight.png


Following link may have helpful information:

- 2018-07-25 WED -


^ Images in wiki pages and image attributes


^ Mediawiki layout topics like multi column layout

- 2018-11-30 FRI -


^ Other Mediawiki topics


↑ ↓ Web Site Building Blocks - Summer 2017 to 2020 Q1 Work

Must begin a new section on web site security issues. Here are a couple of articles as starting points to sleuth out how the "WARNING - Please read me XMG" ransomeware attack can reach MYSQL databases of on-line hosts:


2019-11-12


2020-01-27 htpasswd access files


↑ ↓ Open Source License Types



↑ ↓ Linux Packages (Separate Article)

Linux software package notes a separate wiki document on Neela wiki. - TMH


- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

↑ ↓ Bash Shell Scripting

Bash (Bourne shell) Quick Reference: 

Shell Built-in Variables:

   $0    Name of given shell script itself
   $1    Value of first command line parameter (similarly $2, $3, ...)
   $#    In given shell script the number of command line parameters received
   $*    All of the command line parameters
   $-    Options given to the shell
   $?    Return (or holds) the exit status of the last command
   $$    Process id of given script (really the id of the shell running the script)


Shell test constructs:

SYNTAX      NAME OF SHELL TEST                                NOTES

[           built-in test                                     considers its arguments as comparison expressions or file tests

[[...]]     in Bash => 2.02 the extended test command

((...))     arithmetic tests                                  example:  (( 0 && 1 ))  # Logical AND

References:


Shell scripting and use of built-in shell commands is a practical knowledge to employ, when working in Unix-like environments. One common task is to find all the instances of a given file or program. The locate command can perform this kind of search, but it's results don't show whether the file instances differ. To check at the rough level of file size, we can use a one-line shell script technique involving shell piping, to "long list" the results of the locate command, like this . . . 

  $ for file in `locate tavrasm | grep 'asm$'`; do ls -l ${file}; done

Hmm strange, the above command calls `grep` with a pattern that ends in the shell end-of-line anchoring character $, and appears to filter for results of `locate` which end in 'asm'. But on 2017-09-12 needed to add a "one or more wildcard" character pattern to limit search results for instances of `locate` results ending in 'qemu': 

    $ locate qemu | grep '.*qemu$'

Why the apparent difference in command invocation? Need to test . . . - TMH


Command to break out first ten $PATH environment variable to individual paths each shown on a line of the shell: 

    $ for path in `echo $PATH | cut -d':' -f1-10 --output-delimiter=' '`; do echo $path; done

2018-04-23 - Monday, command to obtain summary of directories containing 1GB or more data: 

    $ du -h . | grep [0-9]G



↑ ↓ edit point - shell variable quoting

- 2017-10-19 THU -

Running into issues when need to expand shell variable in single quotes pair . . .

Stack Exchange, Unix forum post 178411
TLPD Advanced Bash Scripting Guide, chapter 4.2 example 4-3 double quotes preserve white space


WIKI WISH LIST - While adding to wiki, Ted noting that would be useful to have relative-depth wiki section markers. The standard wiki section markers '== ==', '=== ===' and similar have fixed depth. That is, '== ==' is always a top-level or first-level section in a wiki document, '=== ===' is always a sub-subsection of wiki documents, and '==== ====' a sub-sub-section. When section gets re-factored into its own article, would be handy to have those section markers rise up to levels of top-most and successive section markers. - TMH



↑ ↓ example shell script - back up several databases

 
Here is a simple shell script to call mysqldump utility and back up several databases. Couple of things Ted wants to add to this script include script variables to hold back-up filename prefix and infix patterns, and an option to compress the MYSQL dump files . . .

Figure x - shell script to back-up multiple MYSQL databases 


#!/bin/bash


DATABASE_LIST="information_schema mysql drupal_8p0 phpmyadmin wiki_database"

user="root"
pass_phrase_for_mysql="mysql_user_password"
options_extra="--skip-lock-tables"

response="n"

mode_interactive="n"



echo "shell script starting,"



for database in ${DATABASE_LIST};
do echo "backing up alta-ubuntu database $database . . .";

#    command="mysqldump --databases $database -u$user -p$pass_phrase_for_mysql $options_extra >> au-database-back-up--${database}.sql"
    command="mysqldump --databases $database -u$user -p$pass_phrase_for_mysql $options_extra"
    redirect="au-database-back-up--${database}.sql"

    if [ $mode_interactive = 'y' ]; then

        echo "build command '$command' and database back-up filename'$redirect',"
        echo "full command will be '$command' > '$redirect',"
        echo "trying running this command and redirect? [y/N/q]  yes, no, 'q' to quit"

        read response
        if [ $response = 'Y' -o $response = 'y' ]; then
            ${command} > $redirect
        elif [ $response = 'N' -o $response = 'n' ]; then
            echo "skipping present command . . ."
        elif [ $response = 'Q' -o $response = 'q' ]; then
            echo "stopping script '$0' and exiting."
            break
        fi
        echo

    else

        echo "$0:  backing up database '$database' to file '$redirect' . . ."
        ${command} > $redirect
        ls -l $redirect

    fi

done


echo "done."

exit 0

↑ ↓ show kernel version script

Following script 'showkversion' can be used in a Linux kernel source tree to determine the kernel's version number, based on the number elements defined in the kernel's top level makefile.

Figure x - simple bash script to show kernel version in root of kernel sources tree 

#!/bin/bash

## - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
## Started 2017-12-15 FRI - script to parse and show Linux kernel
##  version from top-level makefile in set of kernel sources.  Patterns
##  to `grep` chosen based on kernel version identifiers in first
##  three lines of typical kernel top-level makefile.  Example:
##
##  $ head -n 6 Makefile
##  VERSION = 4
##  PATCHLEVEL = 9
##  SUBLEVEL = 66
##  EXTRAVERSION =
##  NAME = Roaring Lionus
##
##
## - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -


script_name="showkversion"


if [ ]; then
    head -n 5 Makefile | grep ^VERSION | cut -d " " -f 3
    head -n 5 Makefile | grep ^PATCH | cut -d " " -f 3
    head -n 5 Makefile | grep ^SUBLEVEL | cut -d " " -f 3
fi

MAJOR=$(head -n 5 Makefile | grep ^VERSION | cut -d " " -f 3)
MINOR1=$(head -n 5 Makefile | grep ^PATCH | cut -d " " -f 3)
MINOR2=$(head -n 5 Makefile | grep ^SUBLEVEL | cut -d " " -f 3)

KERNEL_REVISION="${MAJOR}.${MINOR1}.${MINOR2}"

echo
echo "Kernel version in present kernel sources tree, per makefile, is ${KERNEL_REVISION}"
echo


exit 0



↑ ↓ Other useful shell tutorial references



↑ ↓ Regex tutorials

2019-11-02 - An interesting blog post and replies, at, I think, Jamie Zawinski's home page. This one on the use and some limits of regular expressions: 

  *  https://www.jwz.org/blog/2011/11/you-doom-us-all-to-inhuman-toil-for-the-one-whose-name-cannot-be-expressed-in-the-basic-multilingual-plane/


↑ ↓ `sed` stream editor

Unix `sed` stream editor, examples and references:

Code snippet - rename multiple files where a substring need be changed: 

   $ for file in `ls ./2109*.*`; do mv $file `ls -1 $file | sed s/2109/2019/` ; done

References on `sed`:

2021-08-26:


↑ ↓ Other Computer Programming Languages

↑ ↓ Python Scripting Language



↑ ↓ Expect Utility by Don Libes

Installing 'expect' on Ubuntu 16.04.x LTS host, typical dependencies: 

ted@localhost:~/projects/shell/expect-work$ sudo apt install expect

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  libfontenc1 libxaw7 libxmu6 libxmuu1 libxtst6 libxv1 libxxf86dga1 tcl-expect tcl8.6 tk8.6 x11-utils xbitmaps xterm
Suggested packages:
  tcl-tclreadline mesa-utils xfonts-cyrillic
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  expect libfontenc1 libxaw7 libxmu6 libxmuu1 libxtst6 libxv1 libxxf86dga1 tcl-expect tcl8.6 tk8.6 x11-utils xbitmaps xterm
0 upgraded, 14 newly installed, 0 to remove and 5 not upgraded.
Need to get 1,373 kB of archives.
After this operation, 4,110 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
  .
  .
  .


Some 'expect' utility references:

Good short examples covering range of tasks here at Robert Elder blog page, noting md5sum expect script example . . .

How to capture specific results during an expect script's execution:


- 2018-01-30 - Tuesday, picking up from last week researching how to redirect expect output and its spawned processes' output with filtering to log file. The first reference here at Stackoverflow repeats the useful lindex syntax. There is also mention of the expect manual and a syntax $::env(action) which can be expressed in an expect script to access an environment variable that is part of the controlling shell . . .

How to use expect's log_file key word in an expect script:

From the manual page for expect version 5.45: 

           log_file [args] [[-a] file]
             If a filename is provided, log_file will record a transcript of the session (beginning at that point) in
             the file.  log_file will stop recording if no argument is given.  Any previous log file is closed.

             Instead  of  a  filename,  a Tcl file identifier may be provided by using the -open or -leaveopen flags.
             This is similar to the spawn command.  (See spawn for more info.)

             The -a flag forces output to be logged that was suppressed by the log_user command.

             By default, the log_file command appends to old files rather than truncating them, for  the  convenience
             of  being  able  to  turn  logging off and on multiple times in one session.  To truncate files, use the
             -noappend flag.

             The -info flag causes log_file to return a description of the most recent non-info arguments given.


Also from the expect manual page, Expect Hints section: 

    EXPECT HINTS
       There are a couple of things about Expect that may be non-intuitive.  This section attempts to address some of
       these things with a couple of suggestions.

       A common expect problem is how to recognize shell prompts.  Since these are customized differently by  differ-
       ently  people and different shells, portably automating rlogin can be difficult without knowing the prompt.  A
       reasonable convention is to have users store a regular expression describing their prompt (in particular,  the
       end  of it) in the environment variable EXPECT_PROMPT.  Code like the following can be used.  If EXPECT_PROMPT
       doesn't exist, the code still has a good chance of functioning correctly.

           set prompt "(%|#|\\$) $"          ;# default prompt
           catch {set prompt $env(EXPECT_PROMPT)}

           expect -re $prompt

       I encourage you to write expect patterns that include the end of whatever you expect to see.  This avoids  the
       possibility  of  answering a question before seeing the entire thing.  In addition . . .


The expect program has some built-in string buffers, and one of these may hold the latest characters received from a spawned process. Here is a man page excerpt which shows use of one of these expect buffers: 

           disconnect
             disconnects a forked process from the terminal.  It continues running in the background.  The process is
             given its own process group (if possible).  Standard I/O is redirected to /dev/null.

             The following fragment uses disconnect to continue running the script in the background.

                 if {[fork]!=0} exit
                 disconnect
                 . . .

             The following script reads a password, and then runs a program every hour that demands a  password  each
             time  it is run.  The script supplies the password so that you only have to type it once.  (See the stty
             command which demonstrates how to turn off password echoing.)

                 send_user "password?\ "
                 expect_user -re "(.*)\n"
                 for {} 1 {} {
                     if {[fork]!=0} {sleep 3600;continue}
                     disconnect
                     spawn priv_prog
                     expect Password:
                     send "$expect_out(1,string)\r"
                     . . .
                     exit
                 }


Further looking for expect's built-in string buffers and variables . . .

Pattern matching syntax in Don Libe's expect . . .


From another source, Tcl's string match command: 

if [string match "f*b*" "foobar"] {
   puts "match"
else {
   puts "no match"
}



↑ ↓ edit point - Tool command language Tcl 

"Practical programming
in Tcl and Tk"
ISBN 0-13-038560-3


In using Don Libes' expect utility or program, looks like it will be important and helpful to understand Tool Command Language Tcl to at least some fluency. Here appears to be a good starting point tutorial for Tcl:


Tcl puts built-in command, channels and code to open log file, 

Append a log message to a file:

set chan [open my.log a]
set timestamp [clock format [clock seconds]]
puts $chan "$timestamp - Hello, World!"
close $chan


Tcl regular expressions:


Tcl reserved words: 

after		append		array		auto_execok
auto_import	auto_load	auto_load_index	auto_qualify
binary		Bgerror		break		catch
cd		Clock		close		concat
continue	Dde		default		else
elseif		Encoding	eof		error
eval		Exec		exit		expr
fblocked	Fconfigure	fcopy		file
fileevent	Flush		for		foreach
format		Gets		glob		global
history		If		info		interp
join		Lappend		lindex		linsert
list		Llength		load		lrange
lreplace	Lsearch		lsort		namespace
open		Package		pid		pkg_mkIndex
proc		Puts		pwd		read
regexp		Regsub		rename		resource
return		Scan		seek		set
socket		Source		split		string
subst		Switch		tclLog		tell
time		Trace		unknown		unset
update		Uplevel		upvar		variable
vwait		While



↑ ↓ edit point - Tcl pattern matching and anchoring, symbols ^ and $ wrt data not lines

From the Tcl manual page on-line here is a clue about pattern matching in Tcl scripts, which may explain why we are struggling to obtain matched substrings from sequences of bytes from expect-spawned processes . . . 

        Note that in many editors, the ^ and $ match the beginning and end of lines respectively. However, because expect is not line oriented, these characters match the beginning and end of the data (as opposed to lines) currently in the expect matching buffer. (Also, see the note below on "system indigestion.")


Tcl regular expression syntax:


Expect variables, using global and upvar keywords in Tcl scripts:


Excerpt on Tcl pattern matching from Inguza web site: 

2   Expect
The expect suite actually consist just of a few commands: expect, send, spawn and interact and is an extension to TCL.
Before the expect command can be used a program must be spawned, see expect commands below.
expect \
  {match1} {action1} \
  {match2} {action2} \
  {match3} {action3} \
  {match4} {action4}
It is possible that no such output is encountered within the time period defined by the timeout (variable name "timeout" in seconds, default to 2). In this case expect stops waiting and continues with the next command in the script.
You can use '*' to match any characters. You can also match using [] syntax and similar.
expect "\[a-f0-9]"  ; # strongly preferred as \n and similar is not taken as litteral charactesr \ and n.
expect {a-f0-9}     ; # can also be used
A note on \ characters. The pattern matcher translate \x to x but this is done once before the pattern matcher. So you need to type \\n to match n. This is especially important for * and ? characters.
expect "*" ;# match anything (*)
expect "\n" ;# match linefeed
expect "\*" ;# match anything
expect "\\*" ;# match * character
expect "\\\*" ;# match * character
expect "\\\\*" ;# match \ followed by anything
expect "\\\\\*" ;# match \ followed by anything
expect "\\\\\\*" ;# match \ followed * character
The [ character is special to both tcl and the pattern matcher so it is especially messy.
proc xy {} { return "n*w" }
expect "[xy]" ;# match n followed by anything followed by w
expect "\[xy]" ;# match x or y
expect "\\[xy]" ;# match n followed by anything followed by w
expect "\\\[xy]" ;# match [xy]
expect "\\\\[xy]" ;# match \ followed by n followed ...
expect "\\\\\[xy]" ;# match sequence of \ and then x or y.
The expect command can also take flags. The default flag is -gl for glob pattern matching. It can also take the flag -re for regular expression matching.
expect {
  -re "a*" { action_when_a_followed_by_any_a }
  "b*" { action_when_b_followed_by_anything }
  -gl "-re" { action_when_real_dash_r_e }
  eof { action_on_end_of_file }
  timeout { action_on_command_timeout }
  default { action_on_command_timeout_or_eof }
  -re "(abc)*" { action_on_any_number_of_a_b_c }
  -re "-?(0|\[1-9]\[0-9]*)?\\.?\[0-9]*" { action_on_float_or_integer }
}
You can also pass the pattern as a variable.
set v2pats "pat2 act2"
set v3pats "pat3 act3"
expect pat1 act1 $v2pats $v3pats
Observe that the following expect string is wrong as $v2pats and $v3pats is considered as two different arguments. It will try to match $v2pats as a pattern and $v3pats as an action. Instead build up a string and use the -brace flag. You can not use double quotes for that though, unless you use eval and then the -brace flag is not necessary. You also need to protect the pattern and action inside a [list x] or an extra brace if they contain whitespaces.
2.1   Parentheses for feedback
In the previous section, parantheses were used to group subpatterns together. They can also play another role. When a regular expression successfully matches a string each part of the string that matches a paranthensized subpattern is stored in "expect_out(1,string)" the second in "expect_out(2,string)" etc up to "expect_out(9,string)". The entire pattern matched is stored in "expect_out(0,string)". Everthing before the pattern and the pattern matched is stored in "expect_out(buffer)". The last two assignments work in glob pattern too.
"a*((ab)*|b)"
How is this passed to expect_out? It is quite simple. The entire string withing the first parenthesis is stored in 1 (which means up to end of string). The second fount parenthesis is stored in 2. Look for the left parenthesis to determine where the data is put.
2.2   Flags
-re	
-gl	
-nocase	Ignore case. Do not use -nocase with uppercase characters in the pattern as it will never match.
-notransfer	Prevent expect from removing matching characters from the internal buffer. The characters can be matched repeatedly as long as this option is associated with the pattern. It can be abbreviated with "-n" when expect is running interactively.
-brace	Expect normally see the first argument as a pattern to match, but sometimes you want to give a list of patterns and actions to expect. You can then use -brace to expand the list before it is handled by expect.
expect -brace { pat1 act1 pat2 act2 }
This can be useful when building up lists of pattern to match with corresponding actions to do.
-i n	Use an alternative spawn_id. This applies to all patterns after the -i flag.
expect {
 -i $ftp
 "ftp>" "exit"
 eof "exit"
}
You can also expect values from multiple spawned processes at the same time. At most one action can be executed just as expect normally do.
expect {
 -i $ftp "ftp> " { ftp_action }
 -i $shell $prompt { shell_action }
}
There is an input buffer associated with each spawn id. So any output from ftp is kept separate from thta of the shell in the example above. When output appear on terminal it will be mixed, unless you expect one at a time or set log_user 0 and then wrote output explictly using send_user $expect_out(buffer). The process that did not match will keep its buffer until matched by next expect command.
When the expect command match something it record the spawn_id to expect_out(spawn_id) so you can know which process that it matched against.
You can also set the spawn_id definition to a list of spawn_ids.
expect {
  -i "$host1 $host2 $host3" $prompt {
    an_action $expect_out(spawn_id)
  }
  eof exit
  -i $host1 another_pattern {host1_action}
}
This example will do an_action if $prompt is matched agains any of the $hostnr, exit if end of file is matched against same list and do host1_action if matchina another_pattern from host1.
2.3   Special patterns
Note that these patcherns will only match if none of the '-gl', '-re' or '-ex' flags has been used.
eof	Match when end of file is reached.
timeout	Match when the timeout value has been reached.
default	Match when end of file or timeout is reached.
full_buffer	Match when no other pattern match and expect would otherwise throw away part of the input to make room fore more. When this matches, all of the unmatched input is moved to expect_out(buffer).
null	
By default null characters are removed from the buffer before expect matching is done. This can be disabled using the remove_nulls command below. If it is disabled null characters will be matched using this special keyword. Null characters can not be matched inside a pattern as expect first look for null characters and then do pattern matching. If a null character is found the characters before it is skilled. These caracters can be found in expect_out(buffer).
Since the null character is used internally to represent the end of a string unanchored patterns cannot be matched past a null. This is not a problem since null pattern can always be listed last.


↑ ↓ Rust programming language

There are two editions of the Rust Programming book. The Rust home page recommends to start by reading the second edition:


^ C programming notes

This section really should be in a more prominent space of this wiki. - TMH

This section contains link to Brian Barto post about Untangling Complex C Declarations. Click here -> C programming notes <- for separate wiki article.

Typedef and type defining function pointers:

CRC types and implementations:

Floating point representation and conversions:


2021-11-03


^ C++ references

This section contains beginning level C++ issues and references. Section here created by need to note some Qt5 related project elements, as Qt is based on C++. First issue is to understand and document how to implement a QDialog object to act as a sensible dialog box, which can post run-time data to a larger Qt based application. The first reference below mentions QDialog built-in class functions exec(), accept() and reject(), which appear to be the means to start and show, and to close out a Qt based dialog box . . .

Per help index in QtCreator 3.2.1: 

void QDialog::accept() [virtual slot]
Hides the modal dialog and sets the result code to Accepted.

See also reject() and done().


The Qt method done() performs more significant work and at least in cases of a dialog being shown with a call to exec() the done() method stops dialog event loop execution: 

void QDialog::done(int r) [virtual slot]
Closes the dialog and sets its result code to r. If this dialog is shown with exec(), done() causes the local event loop to finish, and exec() to return r.

As with QWidget::close(), done() deletes the dialog if the Qt::WA_DeleteOnClose flag is set. If the dialog is the application's main widget, the application terminates. If the dialog is the last window closed, the QApplication::lastWindowClosed() signal is emitted.

See also accept(), reject(), QApplication::activeWindow(), and QApplication::quit().


So it looks like if we do not call done() then we want to assure that we call exec() only one time during a use session of GWN Unified Tester. - TMH


2019-10-28 Monday: G++ error, "template has C linkage":

2019-10-30 Wednesday: The purposes and use of extern "C" . . .



- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

↑ ↓ Aboriginal Linux - project now defunct, new project is 'makeroot'

Ok, looks like Robert Landley's Aboriginal Linux project has been superceded by mkroot. Ladnley's newer makeroot project sources are available at GitHub:



Having trouble carrying out the basic build of Aboriginal Linux with armv6l as target . . . 


   .
   .
   .

Confirmed e2fsprogs-1.42.13.tar.gz
Confirmed zlib-1.2.7.tar.bz2
Confirmed squashfs-4.2.tar.gz
=== Got all source.

real    0m2.240s
user    0m1.188s
sys     0m0.176s
=== toybox (host host-tools)
Snapshot 'toybox'...
scripts/genconfig.sh
cc -o kconfig/conf kconfig/conf.c kconfig/zconf.tab.c -DKBUILD_NO_NLS=1 \
                -DPROJECT_NAME=\"ToyBox\"
kconfig/conf -D /dev/null Config.in > /dev/null
scripts/make.sh
Generate headers from toys/*/*.c...
generated/newtoys.h Library probe.......
Make generated/config.h from .config.
generated/flags.h generated/globals.h generated/help.h
Compile toybox................................................................................................................................................................generated/obj/nsenter.o: In function `unshare_main':
nsenter.c:(.text.unshare_main+0x152): undefined reference to `setns'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [toybox] Error 1

Exiting due to errors (host host-tools toybox)


Robert Landley also has a presence on www.patreon.com/landley, where he talks about the over-arching goals in his programming and software systems level work.



↑ ↓ Linux From Scratch (Separate Article)

Linux From Scratch Book 8.1 - Build and Notes



↑ ↓ QEMU Emulator

Overview

Notes on QEMU, an emulator which can help with building and configuring Linux systems to run on embedded computers and development boards. Ted noting 2017-09-08 that to compile today's latest QEMU source, a 2.10.x release, needed to install Debian stretch packages pkg-config, libglib2.0-dev, dhautoreconf. Here are some links to downloading QEMU project sources, a manual for using QEMU, and an article about emulating a RaspberryPi system by using QEMU:


References:

QEMU to emulate Arm on Linux . . .

How to avoid "raw image format" warning . . .


So got QEMU 2.10.0 sources and dependencies installed, ran `configure` and `make` steps, and let the build process run for an hour or two. But in the end could not find any `qemu` executable. Why is the emulator itself apparently missing? Building latest QEMU under Linux . . .


So I'm following the above article author's typical build steps, and run into this message part-way down those steps, at the step of calling `make`: 

user@host-6:~/Downloads/qemu/qemu-2.10.0/bin/debug/native$ make
Makefile:21: *** This is an out of tree build but your source tree (/home/veris/Downloads/qemu/qemu-2.10.0) seems to have been used for an in-tree build. You can fix this by running "make distclean && rm -rf *-linux-user *-softmmu" in your source tree.  Stop.
user@host-6:~/Downloads/qemu/qemu-2.10.0/bin/debug/native$


Ok interesting, I know that QEMU is a complicated project with a complex build process, but clearly I don't know what I'm doing. Following the above 'distclean' command given in the error message from QEMU's makefile, I'm now able to begin an "out of tree" build as described in the "Building QEMU" article at qemu.org just above. Tired already however of QEMU project builds taking more than an hour to complete. Here is one of many articles describing how to invoke `make` to build only limited parts of QEMU project, for example just the pieces needed to emulate ARM type systems:



Ted to test this type of build soon . . .

On a different note, QEMU build has completed and the stock RaspberryPi Debian "Stretch" image is coming up. Needed to install a VNC client to interact with the emulated RaspberryPi operating and software, stored in the downloaded .img file from Rpi's web site. Here's a link to a forum post which clued Ted into Remmina VNC client:



- 2017-11-21 Tuesday -

The version of qemu which installed from Debian's package list didn't seem to work. It's been some weeks now since trying that instance, but qemu 2.10.0 works to bring up a command line image built for RaspberryPi. Here are the versions of the two qemu instances:

Figure x - locating qemu instances, determining their versions 


user@localhost:~$ which qemu
/usr/bin/qemu

user@localhost:~$ /usr/bin/qemu --version
QEMU emulator version 1.1.2 (Debian 1.1.2+dfsg-6+deb7u23), Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard

user@localhost:~$ ls /opt/qemu
qemu-system-arm

user@localhost:~$ ls -l /opt/qemu/qemu-system-arm
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 83 Sep 12 16:37 /opt/qemu/qemu-system-arm -> /home/user/Downloads/qemu/qemu-2.10.0/bin/debug/native/arm-softmmu/qemu-system-arm

user@localhost:~$ /opt/qemu/qemu-system-arm --version
QEMU emulator version 2.10.0
Copyright (c) 2003-2017 Fabrice Bellard and the QEMU Project developers

user@localhost:~


- 2017-11-22 Wednesday -

Yesterday could not bring up raspbian image in qemu, same image which booted and appeared, and permitted shell based login and shell use a month ago on the local host. Looking at a new on-line reference for running raspbian images in qemu: 


  *  https://ownyourbits.com/2017/02/06/raspbian-on-qemu-with-network-access/


This above article looks really interesting, appears to go to a second installment of the article where the developers there are building some kind of cloud-based or cloud involved web, database, mail and PHP servers. But on my end having trouble with a kernel panic this morning when invoking qemu-system-arm with a large set of options . . . ok, just located a different invocation of qemu-system-arm version 2.10.0, noting here in following code figure:


Figure x - emulate-rpi shell script 


#!/bin/bash
# Starts raspberry pi image in configuration mode


##----------------------------------------------------------------------
## - SECTION - script variables
##----------------------------------------------------------------------

EMULATOR=/home/veris/Downloads/qemu/qemu-2.10.0/bin/debug/native/arm-softmmu/qemu-system-arm



##----------------------------------------------------------------------
## - SECTION - original emulator invocation, everything hard-coded
##----------------------------------------------------------------------

# qemu-system-arm -kernel ./qemu-rpi-kernel/kernel-qemu -cpu arm1176 -m 256 -M versatilepb -no-reboot -serial stdio -append "root=/dev/sda2 panic=1 rootfstype=ext4 rw init=/bin/bash" -hda rpi.img

# qemu-system-arm -kernel ./qemu-rpi-kernel/kernel-qemu -cpu arm1176 -m 256 -M versatilepb -no-reboot -serial stdio -append "root=/dev/sda2 panic=1 rootfstype=ext4 rw" -hda rpi.img



##----------------------------------------------------------------------
## - SECTION - invocation, emulator as variable:
##----------------------------------------------------------------------

# ${EMULATOR} -kernel ./qemu-rpi-kernel/kernel-qemu -cpu arm1176 -m 256 -M versatilepb -no-reboot -serial stdio -append "root=/dev/sda2 panic=1 rootfstype=ext4 rw init=/bin/bash" -hda rpi.img

# Start RaspberryPi in fully functional mode:
${EMULATOR} -kernel ./qemu-rpi-kernel/kernel-qemu -cpu arm1176 -m 256 -M versatilepb -no-reboot -serial stdio -append "root=/dev/sda2 panic=1 rootfstype=ext4 rw" -hda rpi.img






## - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
## 2017-09-08 FRI - this script copied from http://embedonix.com/articles/linux/emulating-raspberry-pi-on-linux/
## - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

exit 0


The final token rpi.img points to localhost:/home/user/Downloads/raspberrypi/2017-08-16-raspbian-stretch-lite.img which we downloaded from https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/raspbian/. The working qemu invocation doesn't open qemu's native window, but puts to standard out that is the same shell in which qemu invoked, a couple of lines of output from the booting kernel image. Then using remmina we connect via "VNC server running on ::1:5900".

In summary shell script in latest figure successfully invokes qemu-system-arm 2.10.0 built from sources about August 2017, and boots up Raspbian Stretch lite image and kernel named kernel-qemu-4.4.34-jessie. Next figure is screenshot showing successful login, and last login message . . . though emulation was and is very slow on host system!


Figure x - emulated raspbian stretch lite screenshot, Remmina window

media:z.png


A shorter script to start raspberrypi kernel plus image, running in QEMU: 

#!/bin/bash

qemu-system-arm -kernel ./kernel-qemu-4.4.34-jessie -cpu arm1176 -m 256 -M versatilepb -serial stdio -append "root=/dev/sda2 rootfstype=ext4 rw" -hda ./2017-09-07-raspbian-stretch-lite.img -redir tcp:5022::22 -no-reboot

exit 0


- 2017-12-12 WED -

An excerpt from qemu.org/download#source, on how to download, configure and compile latest QEMU sources: 

"
Build instructions

To download and build QEMU 2.11.0-rc5:

wget https://download.qemu.org/qemu-2.11.0-rc5.tar.xz
tar xvJf qemu-2.11.0-rc5.tar.xz
cd qemu-2.11.0-rc5
./configure
make

To download and build QEMU from git:

git clone git://git.qemu.org/qemu.git
cd qemu
git submodule init
git submodule update --recursive
./configure
make

The latest development happens on the master branch. The stable trees are located in branches named stable-X.YY branch, where X.YY is the release version.
"



↑ ↓ Embedded Linux Notes, focus on Rpi Linux Kernel Config

2018-11-09 - Ted to create embedded work article on this wiki installation, so noting this Friday evening. - TMH

Ted looking into a couple of areas of embedded Linux, including custom kernel config for Rpi, the open source Buildroot project, Tiny-Core Linux and FreeRTOS. Ted also stashing some links to embedded studies notes on this wiki here:



↑ ↓ FreeRTOS Notes (Separate Article)

FreeRTOS notes

Ted to move this link to nn wiki article named 'FreeRTOS'. For now however Ted noting an openssl library named Wolfssl:


NOTE 2017-12-10: this section 'embedded operating systems' to become a shorter list of major significant embedded OS's. As of 2017 winter Ted studying couple distributions of embedded Linux and FreeRTOS.



↑ ↓ Bootloader U-Boot

Ted noting after several custom Linux-for-Rpi kernel build attempts that Raspberry Pi board uses a bootloader typically other than GRUB, commonly uses U-boot. A first tutorial . . . also running into U-boot sources makefile calling a project script which fails to find gcc-6, though /usr/bin/gcc is a symlink to that newer gcc . . .


After installing manually some twenty or thirty gcc-6-arm-linux and gcc-6, gcc-7 files, and installing more modern version of build-essentials package from Ubuntu release codenamed 'bionic', can now build u-boot. Tail of messages from build process . . . 

  CC      lib/strto.o
  CC      lib/strmhz.o
  LD      lib/built-in.o
  CC      examples/standalone/stubs.o
  CC       CC      lib/strto.o
  CC      lib/strmhz.o
  LD      lib/built-in.o
  CC      examples/standalone/stubs.o
  CC      examples/standalone/hello_world.o
  LD      examples/standalone/libstubs.o
  LD      examples/standalone/hello_world
  OBJCOPY examples/standalone/hello_world.srec
  OBJCOPY examples/standalone/hello_world.bin
  LD      u-boot
  OBJCOPY u-boot.srec
  OBJCOPY u-boot-nodtb.bin
  SYM     u-boot.sym
  COPY    u-boot.bin
  CFGCHK  u-boot.cfg
ted@rangari:/var/local/ted/projects/u-boot$ examples/standalone/hello_world.o
  LD      examples/standalone/libstubs.o
  LD      examples/standalone/hello_world
  OBJCOPY examples/standalone/hello_world.srec
  OBJCOPY examples/standalone/hello_world.bin
  LD      u-boot
  OBJCOPY u-boot.srec
  OBJCOPY u-boot-nodtb.bin
  SYM     u-boot.sym
  COPY    u-boot.bin
  CFGCHK  u-boot.cfg
ted@rangari:/var/local/ted/projects/u-boot$



↑ ↓ LPC11U6x Development Board



↑ ↓ avr-libc

./avr-libc-1.8.0/include/avr/iom8.h:634:#if !defined(__AVR_LIBC_DEPRECATED_ENABLE__)
./avr-libc-1.8.0/include/avr/iom8.h:657:#endif  /* !defined(__AVR_LIBC_DEPRECATED_ENABLE__) */

 .
 .
 .

633 /* Deprecated items */
634 #if !defined(__AVR_LIBC_DEPRECATED_ENABLE__)
635 
636 #pragma GCC system_header
637 
638 #pragma GCC poison SIG_INTERRUPT0
639 #pragma GCC poison SIG_INTERRUPT1
640 #pragma GCC poison SIG_OUTPUT_COMPARE2
641 #pragma GCC poison SIG_OVERFLOW2
642 #pragma GCC poison SIG_INPUT_CAPTURE1
643 #pragma GCC poison SIG_OUTPUT_COMPARE1A
644 #pragma GCC poison SIG_OUTPUT_COMPARE1B
645 #pragma GCC poison SIG_OVERFLOW1
646 #pragma GCC poison SIG_OVERFLOW0
647 #pragma GCC poison SIG_SPI
648 #pragma GCC poison SIG_UART_RECV
649 #pragma GCC poison SIG_UART_DATA
650 #pragma GCC poison SIG_UART_TRANS
651 #pragma GCC poison SIG_ADC
652 #pragma GCC poison SIG_EEPROM_READY
653 #pragma GCC poison SIG_COMPARATOR
654 #pragma GCC poison SIG_2WIRE_SERIAL
655 #pragma GCC poison SIG_SPM_READY
656 
657 #endif  /* !defined(__AVR_LIBC_DEPRECATED_ENABLE__) */


↑ ↓ EWAVR, IAR Workbench, Keil compiler notes

2019-01-03 THU


- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

↑ ↓ Yocto References


- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

↑ ↓ Mobile App Development On Linux

- 2018-10-12 FRI -

- 2018-01-15 MON -


↑ ↓ Android programming


- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

↑ ↓ Toradex embedded ARM computers

Search for Toradex asymmetric core 'system on a module' board:

It looks like Colibri iMX7S and iMX7D are two-core and three-core processor based modules, with asymmetric cores to handle different kinds of data processing more efficiently,

  • Toradex PN: 00391100 - Colibri iMX7 Dual 1GB | V1.1A
  • Toradex PN: 01351101 - Iris carrier board


Looks like the Iris carrier board is a smaller form, less featured but more economical carrier board to support use of iMX7D/S systems on modules:

Software to install on this module:


Software projects and stacks to run on asymmetric core systems:



↑ ↓ Build U-boot and Linux kernel from source



↑ ↓ Arduino Development Kit and Documentation

Looking into Arduino boards as a means to configure an I2C protocol programmer . . .

Arduino Uno development board datasheet:

Arduino IDE software download:

Getting started:


A more specifically purposed interface and or programming board called 'Aardvark' . . .


FreeRTOS on Arduino development boards . . .


- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

↑ ↓ Electronics

Transistor, FETs, Op-amps . . .

Photovoltaics . . .

Analog computers


↑ ↓ tools and hardware


↑ ↓ measurement equipment

2020-10-27

Not used but I have this 4 channel 100mhz scope that i like a lot. $500 with built-in i2c/spi/uart/canbus decoding https://siglentna.com/product/sds1104x-e-100-mhz/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kay4Jk2DHuE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cwbwq-AKbPc SiglentSiglent SDS1104X-E (100 MHz) | Siglent Bandwidth: 100 MHz Channels: 4 Real time sampling rate: 1 GSa/s (Total of 2 A-to-D converters) Maximum capture rate: (100,000 in Normal mode, 400,000 in Sequence mode) Memory depth: 14 Mpts Bode Plot function (Requires SIGLENT SDG X or SAG1021 function generator) Search / Navigate functions Web-Based browser remote control Optional Wi-Fi dongle Optional MSO capability YouTubeYouTube | EEVblog EEVblog #1042 - Siglent's $499 SDS1104X-E 4CH Oscilloscope Teardown


↑ ↓ Modbus protocol


↑ ↓ Mathematica

Mathematical symbols:


Important mathematical topics:


^ Books on mathematics

Books on mathematics to explore:

    • "Lectures and Problems: A Gift to Young Mathematicians (MSRI Mathematical Circles Library)
    by V. I. Arnold (Author)" On-line lecture notes:
    • An excellent book on the FFT is: E. Oran Brigham, The Fast Fourier Transform, PrenticeHall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1974.


CRC, RSA and other mathematical areas . . .


Applied math . . .

Fractal geometry and math . . .


Quantum computing and Shor's algorithm . . .

---

---

^ Fast Fourier Transform FFT

Other mathematical topics:


↑ ↓ Literature

Liturature and Authors of the World . . .


↑ ↓ Other Things To Explore

Human health:



Here are some technical and science topics to explore, perhaps on a rainy day . . .

Machine learning:


Containers and DevOps:


3D Graphics, mathematics behind and programming:


Creative Commons and other Open Source licensed materials:


Dublin Core:

Zdyes mnogo informatsia:


^ DYI laptop by Olimex


↑ ↓ edit point

- - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  


Javascript and JSON:


PC Video, Bochs VBE Extensions:


Perl programming related:


Unix and Linux tools, software and building blocks:


GNU Make book on-line . . .


Webvanta:


Virtual server image creation:


Github Users Sharing Their Work:


↑ ↓ edit point

- - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  - - - - -  

Cryptography Scientists and Articles:


ARM microcontroller related:


Operating system level programming:


Gputils PIC programming tools, W3C Jigsaw validator referenced at end of page




↑ ↓ music and lyrics

---

https://www.wish.com/product/59b6c3c68f545e607c2adf30?hide_login_modal=true&from_ad=goog_shopping&_display_country_code=US&_force_currency_code=USD&pid=googleadwords_int&c=%7BcampaignId%7D&ad_cid=59b6c3c68f545e607c2adf30&ad_cc=US&ad_curr=USD&ad_price=48.00&campaign_id=7203534630&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIoZKHvqS06AIVEh-tBh2I6wv-EAQYASABEgKuAvD_BwE&share=web


↑ ↓ plant and animal references

Searching Google and Amazon for bottom heat sources for seed germination:

" Seedfactor MET certified Seedling Heat Mat, Seedfactor Waterproof Durable Germination Station Heat Mat, Warm Hydroponic Heating Pad for Indoor Home Gardening Seed Starter(10" x 20") "

Aloe references . . .

2019-04-10 Cork trees . . .

Invasive plants . . .


^ Cacti


^ Agavacae


^ Nursurias

      Excerpt from this page: "Planting Instructions 1. Cacti, agaves, and tap-rooted succulents (Aloinopsis, Titanopsis, Nananthus) should be transplanted bare-root. Let the soil in the pot dry out for a few days. Then remove the pot and gently loosen the soil so it falls away from the roots. Trim off any broken roots. Bare root plants should then be planted into a shallow hole. Spread out the roots evenly and sprinkle the soil into the hole until full. The base of the plant should rest on top of the soil. Mulch with a 1⁄2”-1” thick layer of pea-sized gravel around the base of the plant to protect it from contact with soggy soil over the winter months. (See planting diagram on page 12 of our Planting Guide.)

    TERMINOLOGY: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleistogamy


- 2018-08-06 Monday -

Wildflowers . . .

Iris and Bulbs . . .


Personal project notes . . .


2020-10-21


^ plant pathology

https://www.apsnet.org/publications/phytopathology/backissues/Documents/1971Articles/Phyto61n08_926.PDF


^ Technology History and Evolution

Moore's Law and CMOS scaling ways:

^ Astronomy

Physics topics relating to astronomy:

Black holes and some of their key features as we know them so far:

Black holes and General Relativity . . .



^ Food and Cooking

Turkish traditional dishes, borek . . .

Search also for simit, imam bayidi, kafta kabab



^ References

Neela Nurseries wiki notes


Reproducible builds, byte-wise reproducible software:


Server Side services . . .


Coding standards:


C and C++:


Couple of MediaWiki and publishing issues to look into, which came up during wiki configuration:


Some Hindi language and UTF-8 encoding references, to be factored to a dedicated wiki page later:


Linux programs and utilities:


Graphics Servers:


Computer hardware and firmware:


QEMU


I2C

Access iPhone via Linux


^ End of page

 
 

- - - top of page - - -



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