Heap-1-dot-c

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ARM processor notes  :  STM32F10x notes  :  LPCXpresso 1114  :  heap_1.c build recipe (this article)  :  LPCXpresso makefiles mapping



Overview

This article to contain and amplify notes on -MF and -MT type calls to gcc, which build dependency rules for use in the larger project compilation process of LPCXpresso. Goal is to figure out how LPCXpresso builds its projects, how it calls `make` utility . . .


LPCXpresso Compiler Output From One Source File

make -r all

Building file: ../Source/FreeRTOS_Source/portable/MemMang/heap_1.c

Invoking: MCU C Compiler

arm-none-eabi-gcc -D__REDLIB__ -DDEBUG -D__CODE_RED -D__USE_CMSIS=CMSISv2p00_LPC11xx -I"/home/user/Downloads/freertos/FreeRTOSv10.0.1/FreeRTOS/Demo/CORTEX_M0_LPC1114_LPCXpresso/CMSISv2p00_LPC11xx/inc" -I"/home/user/Downloads/freertos/tmp/FreeRTOSv10.0.1/FreeRTOS/Demo/CORTEX_M0_LPC1114_LPCXpresso/CMSISv2p00_LPC11xx/inc" -I"../../../Common/include" -I"/home/user/projects/nxp/rtos-demo-3/Source/Common_Demo_Tasks/include" -I"/home/user/projects/nxp/rtos-demo-3/Source" -I"/home/user/projects/nxp/rtos-demo-3/Source/FreeRTOS_Source/include" -I"/home/user/projects/nxp/rtos-demo-3/Source/FreeRTOS_Source/portable/GCC/ARM_CM0" -O0 -g3 -Wall -c -fmessage-length=0 -fno-builtin -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections -Wextra -mcpu=cortex-m0 -mthumb -D__REDLIB__ -specs=redlib.specs -MMD -MP -MF"Source/FreeRTOS_Source/portable/MemMang/heap_1.d" -MT"Source/FreeRTOS_Source/portable/MemMang/heap_1.o" -MT"Source/FreeRTOS_Source/portable/MemMang/heap_1.d" -o "Source/FreeRTOS_Source/portable/MemMang/heap_1.o" "../Source/FreeRTOS_Source/portable/MemMang/heap_1.c"

Finished building: ../Source/FreeRTOS_Source/portable/MemMang/heap_1.c


Invocations

Trying to invoke gcc to observe dependency rule output for one source file: 


## Note path is ~/projects/nxp/rtos-demo-3/Debug:

$ arm-none-eabi-gcc -MMD -MP -MF"Source/FreeRTOS_Source/portable/MemMang/heap_1.d" "../Source/FreeRTOS_Source/portable/MemMang/heap_1.c" -I"/home/user/LPCXpresso/workspace/rtos-demo-3/Source/FreeRTOS_Source/include" -I"/home/user/projects/nxp/rtos-demo-3/Source" -I"/home/user/LPCXpresso/workspace/rtos-demo-3/Source/FreeRTOS_Source/portable/GCC/ARM_CM0"
/tmp/ccc6sGOb.s: Assembler messages:
/tmp/ccc6sGOb.s:118: Error: selected processor does not support ARM mode `cpsid i'

$

Adding reference to Arm Cortex M0 processor type: 

$ arm-none-eabi-gcc -MMD -MP -MF"Source/FreeRTOS_Source/portable/MemMang/heap_1.d" "../Source/FreeRTOS_Source/portable/MemMang/heap_1.c" -I"/home/user/LPCXpresso/workspace/rtos-demo-3/Source/FreeRTOS_Source/include" -I"/home/user/projects/nxp/rtos-demo-3/Source" -I"/home/user/LPCXpresso/workspace/rtos-demo-3/Source/FreeRTOS_Source/portable/GCC/ARM_CM0" -mcpu=cortex-m0
../Source/FreeRTOS_Source/portable/MemMang/heap_1.c:1:0: error: target CPU does not support ARM mode
 /*
 ^

$

Adding reference to use thumb type instructions: 

$ arm-none-eabi-gcc -MMD -MP -MF"Source/FreeRTOS_Source/portable/MemMang/heap_1.d" "../Source/FreeRTOS_Source/portable/MemMang/heap_1.c" -I"/home/user/LPCXpresso/workspace/rtos-demo-3/Source/FreeRTOS_Source/include" -I"/home/user/projects/nxp/rtos-demo-3/Source" -I"/home/user/LPCXpresso/workspace/rtos-demo-3/Source/FreeRTOS_Source/portable/GCC/ARM_CM0" -mcpu=cortex-m0 -mthumb
/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.8/../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/armv6-m/libc.a(lib_a-exit.o): In function `exit':
/home/tin/projects/debian/arm-toolchain/collab-maint/newlib/build/arm-none-eabi/armv6-m/newlib/libc/stdlib/../../../../../../newlib/libc/stdlib/exit.c:70: undefined reference to `_exit'
/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.8/../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/armv6-m/crt0.o: In function `_start':
/home/tin/projects/debian/arm-toolchain/collab-maint/newlib/build/arm-none-eabi/armv6-m/libgloss/arm/../../../../../libgloss/arm/crt0.S:420: undefined reference to `main'
/tmp/ccHnZU0F.o: In function `pvPortMalloc':
heap_1.c:(.text+0x1e): undefined reference to `vTaskSuspendAll'
heap_1.c:(.text+0x6c): undefined reference to `xTaskResumeAll'
heap_1.c:(.text+0x76): undefined reference to `vApplicationMallocFailedHook'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

$


Adding references to both linker scripts, to pull in definition of _ebss which is assigned to function named _exit: 

$ arm-none-eabi-gcc -MMD -MP -MF"Source/FreeRTOS_Source/portable/MemMang/heap_1.d" "../Source/FreeRTOS_Source/portable/MemMang/heap_1.c" -I"/home/user/LPCXpresso/workspace/rtos-demo-3/Source/FreeRTOS_Source/include" -I"/home/user/projects/nxp/rtos-demo-3/Source" -I"/home/user/LPCXpresso/workspace/rtos-demo-3/Source/FreeRTOS_Source/portable/GCC/ARM_CM0" -mcpu=cortex-m0 -mthumb -T./extra-linker-script.ld -T./RTOSDemo_Debug.ld



/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.8/../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: cannot find libcr_c.a
/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.8/../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: cannot find libcr_eabihelpers.a
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status


- STEP - 

$ arm-none-eabi-gcc -MD -MP -MF"Source/FreeRTOS_Source/portable/MemMang/heap_1.d" "../Source/FreeRTOS_Source/portable/MemMang/heap_1.c" -I"/home/user/LPCXpresso/workspace/rtos-demo-3/Source/FreeRTOS_Source/include" -I"/home/user/projects/nxp/rtos-demo-3/Source" -I"/home/user/LPCXpresso/workspace/rtos-demo-3/Source/FreeRTOS_Source/portable/GCC/ARM_CM0" -mcpu=cortex-m0 -mthumb -T./extra-linker-script.ld -T./RTOSDemo_Debug.ld



/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.8/../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: cannot find libcr_c.a
/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.8/../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: cannot find libcr_eabihelpers.a
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

$


- STEP - added -L to point linker to libcr_c.a: 

$ arm-none-eabi-gcc -MD -MP -MF"Source/FreeRTOS_Source/portable/MemMang/heap_1.d" "../Source/FreeRTOS_Source/portable/MemMang/heap_1.c" -I"/home/user/LPCXpresso/workspace/rtos-demo-3/Source/FreeRTOS_Source/include" -I"/home/user/projects/nxp/rtos-demo-3/Source" -I"/home/user/LPCXpresso/workspace/rtos-demo-3/Source/FreeRTOS_Source/portable/GCC/ARM_CM0" -mcpu=cortex-m0 -mthumb -T./extra-linker-script.ld -T./RTOSDemo_Debug.ld -L/opt/nxp/lpcxpresso-8p2p2/lpcxpresso/tools/arm-none-eabi/lib/thumb



/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.8/../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: cannot find libcr_eabihelpers.a
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

$


- STEP -

After several tries to see rule generation put to standard out, it seems from the following errors that LPCXpresso's calls to make happen in the context of first referring to a souce file which defines a function named main(): 

$ arm-none-eabi-gcc -MD -MP -MF"Source/FreeRTOS_Source/portable/MemMang/heap_1.d" "../Source/FreeRTOS_Source/portable/MemMang/heap_1.c" -I"/home/user/LPCXpresso/workspace/rtos-demo-3/Source/FreeRTOS_Source/include" -I"/home/user/projects/nxp/rtos-demo-3/Source" -I"/home/user/LPCXpresso/workspace/rtos-demo-3/Source/FreeRTOS_Source/portable/GCC/ARM_CM0" -mcpu=cortex-m0 -mthumb -T./extra-linker-script.ld -T./RTOSDemo_Debug.ld -L/opt/nxp/lpcxpresso-8p2p2/lpcxpresso/tools/arm-none-eabi/lib/thumb -L/opt/nxp/lpcxpresso-8p2p2/lpcxpresso/tools/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/5.4.1/thumb                                              



/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.8/../../../arm-none-eabi/bin/ld: warning: cannot find entry symbol ResetISR; defaulting to 00000000
/usr/lib/gcc/arm-none-eabi/4.8/../../../arm-none-eabi/lib/armv6-m/crt0.o: In function `_start':
/home/tin/projects/debian/arm-toolchain/collab-maint/newlib/build/arm-none-eabi/armv6-m/libgloss/arm/../../../../../libgloss/arm/crt0.S:420: undefined reference to `main'
/home/tin/projects/debian/arm-toolchain/collab-maint/newlib/build/arm-none-eabi/armv6-m/libgloss/arm/../../../../../libgloss/arm/crt0.S:422: undefined reference to `__bss_start__'
/home/tin/projects/debian/arm-toolchain/collab-maint/newlib/build/arm-none-eabi/armv6-m/libgloss/arm/../../../../../libgloss/arm/crt0.S:422: undefined reference to `__bss_end__'
/tmp/ccJoJpYZ.o: In function `pvPortMalloc':
heap_1.c:(.text+0x1e): undefined reference to `vTaskSuspendAll'
heap_1.c:(.text+0x6c): undefined reference to `xTaskResumeAll'
heap_1.c:(.text+0x76): undefined reference to `vApplicationMallocFailedHook'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

$



Redlib Specs File

Contents of the redlib specs file are as follows: 

      1 %rename cpp default_cpp
      2 
      3 *cpp:
      4 -isystem =/../redlib/include -isystem =/../features/include -nostdinc %(default_cpp)
      5


While there is no path with "features/include" in itself on the localhost, there is a path with "redlib/include" as part of that path. This path leads to these header files: 

$ locate redlib | grep redlib/include
/opt/nxp/lpcxpresso-8p2p2/lpcxpresso/tools/redlib/include
/opt/nxp/lpcxpresso-8p2p2/lpcxpresso/tools/redlib/include/assert.h
/opt/nxp/lpcxpresso-8p2p2/lpcxpresso/tools/redlib/include/ctype.h
/opt/nxp/lpcxpresso-8p2p2/lpcxpresso/tools/redlib/include/errno.h
/opt/nxp/lpcxpresso-8p2p2/lpcxpresso/tools/redlib/include/float.h
/opt/nxp/lpcxpresso-8p2p2/lpcxpresso/tools/redlib/include/limits.h
/opt/nxp/lpcxpresso-8p2p2/lpcxpresso/tools/redlib/include/locale.h
/opt/nxp/lpcxpresso-8p2p2/lpcxpresso/tools/redlib/include/math.h
/opt/nxp/lpcxpresso-8p2p2/lpcxpresso/tools/redlib/include/setjmp.h
/opt/nxp/lpcxpresso-8p2p2/lpcxpresso/tools/redlib/include/signal.h
/opt/nxp/lpcxpresso-8p2p2/lpcxpresso/tools/redlib/include/stdarg.h
/opt/nxp/lpcxpresso-8p2p2/lpcxpresso/tools/redlib/include/stdbool.h
/opt/nxp/lpcxpresso-8p2p2/lpcxpresso/tools/redlib/include/stddef.h
/opt/nxp/lpcxpresso-8p2p2/lpcxpresso/tools/redlib/include/stdint.h
/opt/nxp/lpcxpresso-8p2p2/lpcxpresso/tools/redlib/include/stdio.h
/opt/nxp/lpcxpresso-8p2p2/lpcxpresso/tools/redlib/include/stdlib.h
/opt/nxp/lpcxpresso-8p2p2/lpcxpresso/tools/redlib/include/string.h
/opt/nxp/lpcxpresso-8p2p2/lpcxpresso/tools/redlib/include/sys
/opt/nxp/lpcxpresso-8p2p2/lpcxpresso/tools/redlib/include/time.h
/opt/nxp/lpcxpresso-8p2p2/lpcxpresso/tools/redlib/include/sys/libconfig-arm.h
/opt/nxp/lpcxpresso-8p2p2/lpcxpresso/tools/redlib/include/sys/libconfig.h
/opt/nxp/lpcxpresso-8p2p2/lpcxpresso/tools/redlib/include/sys/redlib_version.h


Actually there are a couple paths on the local host which have "features/include" as part of their expressed paths: 

$ locate features/include
/opt/nxp/lpcxpresso-8p2p2/lpcxpresso/tools/features/include
/opt/nxp/lpcxpresso-8p2p2/lpcxpresso/tools/features/include/NXP
/opt/nxp/lpcxpresso-8p2p2/lpcxpresso/tools/features/include/cr_mtb_buffer.h
/opt/nxp/lpcxpresso-8p2p2/lpcxpresso/tools/features/include/cr_section_macros.h
/opt/nxp/lpcxpresso-8p2p2/lpcxpresso/tools/features/include/NXP/crp.h
/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/include_source_dir.prf



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